The article presents experimental validation of the new developed method for the simulation of an abscess of the soft tissues. The proposed method is minimally traumatic, guarantees the formation of an abscess, does not require complicated manipulation and high technical equipment that provides the shortest time of formation of an abscess in the experiment.

Dynamics of changes of the appendix structures containing neuroamines after allogenic transplantation of the bone marrow were studied. Increase in granular luminescent and mast cells with a numerical growth in the content of catecholamines and serotonin were observed in 40 minutes. In addition, there was an increase in serotonin index that indicates the controlling effect of serotonin over the processes of cell proliferation and differentiation of cellular forms in the layers of the appendix. Immunohistochemical study revealed an increase in Ki 67-positive cells, which indicates an increase in proliferative processes in the structures of the appendix and activation of adaptive reactions to injected antigen.

The study of the kidneys in the presence of the coarctation of the aorta has practical importance for pathologists and clinicians due to the possibility of the development of renal artery stenosis, ischemia and chronic renal failure. Coarctation of the aorta, which leads to chronic hypotension, was created surgically by using 15 puppies (control - 8 animals). The follow-up time constituted 12 months. Prior to euthanasia, blood pressure was measured directly at femoral artery. Using histological, histochemical and morphometric methods, it was found that chronic hypotension causes a reduction in pressure and blood volume flowing to the kidneys as well as leads to the narrowing of the lumen of the intraorganic arteries, development of the sclerosis and hyalinosis of the vascular glomeruli.

Using histological, histochemical, immunocytochemical and morphometric methods presented morphofunctional characteristics of veins used as arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis in patients with terminal chronic renal failure are presented. It is revealed that in the veins, functioning for a long time (3-7 years) as arteriovenous fistula, the integrity of three tunics is preserved, accompanying with the complex of morphofunctional rearrangements. They are - change in thickness of vein tunics, relative thickening of the inner and middle tunics, increasing the content of smooth muscle and elastic membranes formation in the middle tunic, increasing the volume occupied by the vasa vasorum in the middle and outer tunics. The revealed changes testify arterialization of veins occurring under the influence of altered hemodynamic conditions.

The nodes of breast cancer (BC) have been studied at doubling their real volume (in 765 cases). It is shown that at the clinical stage of development "nodes" of BC are conglomerates of cancer growth foci of different orders. Characteristics of cancer growth foci in BC nodes are more informative than the change in volume. To estimate the lifetime of the "nodes" of BC new morphological signs have been offered: the conglomerate level, and the value of the heterogeneity of the spatial characteristics.

A comparative morphological study of 40 skin samples of various histotopographic areas of the human face was carried out. Samples were fixed in 10% solution of neutral formalin. Standard histological coloring of serial sections with hematoxylin and eosin were performed. Then the morphometric study was executed. It is established that the histological structure of the facial skin is different depending on the histotopographic area, mainly due to its own skin layer (dermis). In this case, the thickest skin was defined in the frontal region, the thinnest - in the region of the nose bridge. The largest thickness of the epidermis was recorded in the chin area, while in other areas the thickness of the epidermis did not differ significantly. The obtained data broaden the concept of the structure of the facial skin and can be useful in the work of cosmetologists and dermatologists.

Due to the increased radiation, its effect on the body and in particular on the immune system is of considerable interest to researchers. At the same time, changes in the health of the population are revealed regardless of the intensity of the radiation factor. The structural organization of the aggregated lymphoid nodules of the small intestine in mice under the simulated radiation and at various times after the end of this exposure was studied. The greatest reaction was noted with a sequential radiation exposure on the 63rd day. After the end of the action of the low-intensity radiation factor, the recovery processes in the aggregated lymphoid nodules appeared on the 28th day. As a result of the experiment, structural changes, the timing of their appearance and development under experimental conditions were determined. Structural characteristics of the reparative processes of the aggregated lymphoid nodules of the small intestine in mice for up to 90 days of the rehabilitation period were determined.

The demand of practical medicine in the expansion of modern anthropological knowledge serves the basis for a substantial increase of attention towards anthropological research. The aim of the research was to determine the content of fat and muscular body components depending on the constitutional conditioning among 18-20 year-old young women. The method of anthropometry helped define constitutional affiliation among 125 women, representatives of the Slavic ethnos, inhabitants of the city of Moscow. Four groups of investigated somatotypes were determined: leptosomal (28%), mesosomal (36.8%), megalosomal (23.2%), indeterminate group (12.0%). They obtained data on the absolute contents and percentage of fat and muscle mass, depending on the type of constitution, they also got materials of individual variability in severity of these symptoms. The data can be used as standards in the analysis of physical development of young women.

Morphofunctional changes in the lungs of 67 mongrel rabbits with experimental abscessed pneumonia were studied after hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO). HBO was performed with pure medical oxygen in an experimental pressure chamber at a pressure of 1962 hPa within 45-60 minutes for 8 to 13 days 1, 2 and 3 sessions per day. Pathomorphological changes in the lungs were assessed on histological specimens, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, fuxelin, Van-Gieson and Fuchs. It was identified that in animals with suppuration in the lungs long courses of HBO more than 8 daily one-, two- and three-time sessions resulted in destructive changes in the respiratory departments which were probably were a manifestation of oxygen intoxication. The least damaging mode of HBO is a single daily oxygenation for 8 days.

Using microscopic techniques on prostate tissue specimens the structure of the renal and pelvic lymph nodes of mice on the 18^th day after induction of experimental malignant tumors in the prostate in mice and after resection were examined. On day 18 of prostate tumor growth in mice pelvic lymph nodes identified follicular response and stored transport function. In the renal lymph nodes significant paracortical hyperplasia and specific sine response were determined. On day 13 after tumor resection the restoration of structural and functional organization of the pelvic lymph nodes was observed, with activating of proliferation and blast transformation of lymphoid cells. In the renal lymph nodes after prostatectomy paracortical hyperplasia was retained, partial restoration of transport function was observed.

The article presents the results of mathematical modeling of the dynamics of proteins of the extracellular matrix of bone tissue (collagen I, collagen II and osteocalcin) in the process of regeneration of tubular bones of rats with fractures. In the study, according to our formulas, a mathematical model reflecting the healing of long bones of rats with fractures, was calculated indicator - healing index, at a value which is above control indications at any stage from the treatment beginning, it is concluded of accelerated bone fracture healing dynamics, or vice versa. Thus, in calculating a healing index in the experimental and control groups, it was objectively determined by the dynamics of the osteoreparative process and determined the effectiveness of biostimulating effect of metabolites of culture Bacillus subtilis 804 , it in our work confirmed earlier terms (with an advancing by 20 days) organotypic consolidate fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia in the experimental group of animals (61 day of experiment) compared to the control. Thus, the first time on the specifics of the dynamics of the relative volume density of proteins of the intercellular bone matrix with a mathematical expression to evaluate the nature of healing of bone fractures.

Immunohistochemical analysis of E-cadherin and β-catenin expression, distribution and interaction in primary breast cancer (BC) (n=32) with metastasis in lymphatic nodes (n=4) and liver (n=8) was performed. E-cadherin and β-catenin expression in BC cells was determined by specific antibodies. The results showed that the reduction or absence of E-cadherin expression were significantly more frequent in BC patients with metastasis (70%), than without metastasis (30%). Increased cytoplasmic immunoreactivity and nuclear translocation of β-catenin were observed more than in 80% of BC cases, accompanied with metastasis. Such changes in E-cadherin and β-catenin expression in tumor cells be considered as factors of unfavorable prognosis in BC. The appearance of β-catenin expression indicates the launch of signaling pathways, initiated by aberrant expression of epithelial cadherins, leading to increased mobility and invasion of tumor cells.

For description of individual variability of the frontal bone supraorbital margin the craniometric study of the Ryazan region inhabitants’ skulls was conducted. Using digital photometry method the determination of quantitative characteristics and the spatial position of the supraorbital margin relatively to standard parameters of the orbit was performed. Some indicators of the orbit sizes have been studied. The classification, reflecting the degree of supraorbital margin’s arc curvature, has been developed, based on curvature coefficient (CC), suggested by the authors. Three Options for the spatial arrangement of frontal bone’s supraorbital margin were identified, according to CC: less than 30 - a slightly curved arc; 30-45 - moderate curved and more than 45 - strongly curved. Reliable moderate force correlation between values of the CC and the superior face index has been determined.

In this research chronic (10 months) influence of seldom repeating broadband high-amplitude impulses of electromagnetic fields on nervous and epithelial tissues was studied. Density of the induced currents in a body of experimental animals (white laboratory rats males, n = 351) constituted 0.37, 0.7, 0.8 and 2.7 kA/m² with frequency of 500, 100 and 50 impulses in a week irrespective of their divisibility of ultrashort duration (15÷40 ns). It is established that as a result of experimental influence on the big-cellular nucleuses of a hypothalamus and a jejunum mucous membrane destructive, protective and adaptive processes which expressiveness depended on density of the induced currents and frequency of impulses were activated. The comparative analysis of reaction of cellular populations showed that the glial component the of a hypothalamus big-cellular nucleuses was more sensitive to chronic influence, than secretory neurons that was shown in change of number of gliocytes in the absence of shifts in content of types the neurosecretory cells for a number of parameters. In reaction of undifferentiated epitheliocytes of crypts oppression of their mitotic activity, with increase in coefficient of an epithelium injured was observed in experiment hronodynamic.

Problem gastroduodenal bleeding stop is one of the important problems in practical surgery. In search of reliable methods of bleeding stop combined use of local hemostatic means and granulated sorbent for endoscopic hemostasis сan be promising. We studied morphological features of of simulated bleeding gastric ulcers healing in the combination therapy with gelplastanum and diovin and without treatment (control). The morphological data obtained showed that gelplastan in combination with diovin are effective medicines because of their hemostatic activity and ability to greatly accelerate the healing of experimental ulcers at the same time without damaging effect on tissues. Significantly speeding up the repair processes of the tissues of the stomach, gelplastanum and morphologically diovin provide high quality healing.

Evaluation of a person's physical development is the most important criterion reflecting his state of health. An anthropometric examination of 200 youths and men of the first maturity period from the football clubs of Astrakhan and 184 volunteers non-athletes of the same age was carried out. The anthropometry was carried out according to the methodic of V.V. Bunakh, using standard set of tools. Pinye index was enumerated, somatotyping was done according to Chernorutskiy classification. It was stated that normostenic body type among sportsmen was in 73.0% cases in youth and in 79.0% - in man of the first maturity period. Among non-athletes of the same age groups this index was 63.0 % and 51.2 %. There were formed 4 statistic similar groups with Pinye index from 17 to 23 for anthropometry of lower extremities. There was found out the tendency to increasing the length of lower extremities and their segments among footballers. The angle of active flexion in the knee joint in youth and footballers was less than in men of the same age who were in the group of comparison.

We studied the histoarchitectonics of the enteric nervous system in the colon of C57BL/6 mice using a complex of histological, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence methods. The myenteric ganglia cell composition showed the prevalance of glial cells over neurons, but had no regional differences. Norm- and hypochromic neurons were most prevalent, yet pycnotic neurons were sporadic. The number of submucosal ganglia had a decrease in the distal direction. With immunohistochemical staining of histological slices in the muscular and mucosal layer of the distal colon there were revealed numerous βIII-tubulin-positive nerve fibers and s100b-positive cells, which accompanied them. With immunofluorescence labeling of the histological slices in myenteric ganglia there were neurons of different shapes and size, including nitrergic, and glial cells. In the cytoplasm of neurons a small caspase-3 positive granularity was present. Using immunofluorescence labeling on the colon whole-mounts we revealed a complex histoarchitectonics of the myenteric and submucous plexus in the colon. It consisted of ganglia and nerve tracts, which were interconnected and had no clear margin, and nerve fibers, localized in the muscular and mucosal layer.

Interpretation of the results of spiral computed tomography (SCT) of the liver is carried out without taking into account the constitutional and sex supplies of surveyed persons. Development of the regulatory database of the liver volume indicators, based on the constitution and the sex of the individual will increase the accuracy of interpretation information, obtained in medical imaging authority. In the framework of our study 193 people of both sexes of youth age and the first period of adulthood were examined. All examined were performed SCT of abdominal organs and body type was determined by the method of L. Rees-H. J. Eysenck (1945). As a result of statistical processing of the material significant differences in the values of the volume size of the liver in men and women with different body types were investigated. Interpretation of the results of SCT of the liver without taking into account anthropometric indicators and sex of individuals can lead to an incorrect interpretation of the information obtained.

We studied 40 cadavers of females who died at the age of 53.8±4.4 years. At autopsy of cadavers we studied the topography of superficial epigastric vessels. In investigated section material superficial epigastric artery was observed on both sides in 70% and vein - in 100% of cases. In 10% the superficial epigastric artery was absent on both sides. In 20% superficial epigastric artery was observed on one side, more often - left (75%). Regarding the middle of the inguinal ligament the superficial epigastric artery is always positioned laterally (0.8±0.2 cm), and vein - medially (0.9±0.1 cm). The distance between the superficial epigastric artery and the vein at the level of the inguinal ligament was 1.6±0.5 cm. Diameter of superficial epigastric artery at the level of the inguinal ligament was 1.7±0.2 mm and vein - 2.1±0.4 mm.

Efficiency of ultralow temperatures in the treatment of malignant liver tumors was shown, based on a complex histological and ultrastructural study. Using of cold exposure as an adjunct to resection in the form of cryodestruction over the cut of the liver increases the ablastity of the operation, significantly reduces the amount of intraoperative blood loss, and also helps prevent recurrence of the disease.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of different methods of anterior abdominal wall separation on the increasion of the abdominal cavity volume (ACV). The effect of Novitsky posterior separation (Transversus Abdominis Release - TAR), Ramirez anterior separation and Ramirez anterior separation with the mobilization of posterior wall rectus sheath (R+MPRS) on increase ACV was studied. The study was conducted on autopsy materials of 30 non-fixed corpses. In the first part of investigation the results of Novitsky operation have been studied (n=10), in the second part - of Ramirez operation (n=10) and in the third part - R+MPRS (n=10). The ACV have been determined before and after surgery and the degree of it’s increasion after each operation have been counted. In Ramiraz's separation the average of ACV before the operation was 3.2±0.2 L, after the operation - 4.06±0.2 L with an average increasion in volume of 27.8±2.6%. In Novitsky operation the average of ACV before the operation was 3.1±0.1 L, after the operation - 3.9±0.1 L, with an average increasion of 24.2±1.7%. In Ramiraz + MPRS the average of ACV before the operation was 3.1±0.08 L, after the operation - 4.7±0.22 L with an average increasion of 49.8±4.6%. The study revealed different effects of the three types seperation of the abdominal wall on increasion the ACV. The operation of Ramiraz+ MPRS has the greatest effect on the increasion the ACV (49.8±4.6).

Tryptase is one of proteases of mast cells’ secretome. Biological effects of tryptase depend on degranulation mechanism and are important in inflammation, allergy, organism protection from infectious agents, of tissues architectonic remodeling and implementation of the main aspects of morphogenesis. Polyfunctionality allows tryptase to be a key object in the study of mast cells’ role of in the formation of the phenotype of physiological and pathological conditions, and also to be an informative diagnostic marker of some diseases and a promising target for drug therapy.