The need to develop anthropometric modern standards of physical development indicators in people of older age groups is determined by the increase of elderly people in the population proportion. The aim is to study the complex morphological parameters characterizing peculiarities of physique and physical development of older women in terms of relative standards using anthropometric and bioimpedance methods. The features of physique have been studied in 251 senile age and 125 long-liver women, residing on the territory of Moscow and Moscow region. Normative data on the characteristics of older age groups women physical status have been determined and their constitutional features have been revealed.

Studies of cognition and memory have found gender differences, but their neuroanatomic substrate is unclear. The aim of our work was to study structural organization of hippocampus of female’s and male brains. By microscopic and morphometric methods there have been investigated peculiarities of size of pyramidal neurons, number of pyramidal neurons and glia in area СА₁of female’s and male brains. We have been shown their gender differences and the appearance of different left-right asymmetry. Sex-difference may correlates with peculiarities of cognition and memory of men and women.

A comparative microscopic study of the structural features of peripheral nerves of brachial plexus on the medial surface of the shoulder in the area of the middle third of the animals, being at the same stage of the evolutionary ladder, but in different existence conditions (a grey hare and European rabbit) was carried out. As a result, significant morphological differences in the structure of the peripheral nerves in studied parts of extremities have been revealed. Great physical activity performed by the forelimbs of animals in the natural conditions leads to a restructuring of the stromal and guiding components of the peripheral nerves that innervate the muscles of these limbs. Such microstructural changes are a manifestation of adaptive involution in vertebrates. Our findings are of fundamental character and they supply knowledge about the patterns of evolutionary processes of peripheral nervous system.

The data of comparative morphological analysis of intraperitoneal and interpleural adhesions are formed after standard surgical abdominal trauma and experimental fracture of ribs. Morphometry revealed no significant differences between the structure of peritoneal and pleural adhesions, whereas the evaluation of the clinical significance of mature adhesions in the abdominal and pleural cavity is diametrically opposed.

We studied the two-month dynamics of degranulation index (DI) and population density (PD) of the mast cells in the both rat adrenal glands after the partial destruction one of them via a surgical laser. In the damaged organs on day of the exposure (day 0) the DI was 25% higher compared to controls. Next day (day 1) it had reduced by 20% and had continued gradual decline up to day 21. On day 28 the DI had increased again, becoming on par with the control, and had stabilized. The PD in the damaged adrenal did not differ from the control on day 0 and had become twice higher as compared to it on day 1. Farther, the PD continued growth (faster in the mid-term stage) and had exceeded the control more than threefold on the end of the observation (day 56). In the contralateral (undamaged) adrenals PP had increased sharply to the level in the damaged organs on day 1 that can be considered a manifestation of systemic response. But in general, in the contralateral adrenals the DI and the PD changed synchronously in a undulatory, circadiseptan rhythm that is not correlated with the dynamics of the DI and the PD in the damaged organs. After the laser damaging the mast cells retain a high affinity for toluidine blue.

The article presents the results of a study of cephalometric and typological head characteristics in Belarusian men aged 17-24 years. It was determined that the growth process of the cranial part of the head mainly in vertical and transversal directions continues over the period of adolescence. Substantiations of the debrachycephalization tendency are represented. Cephalometric indices allowed revealing the predominance of mesocephalic, hypsicephalic and acrocephalic head types in both study groups. Parameters attaining their definitive sizes by the beginning of adolescence period are described. The reliable increase of several vertical parameters of the facial part of the head in men aged 22-24 in comparison with youth aged 17-21 years indicates facial extension in the adolescence period mainly due to the growth of the lower jaw.

Based on a complex morphological study, including light, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry, pathomorphological and molecular biological characteristics of gynecomastia (GM) are presented in the article. It’s shown that GM is a benign lesion of the breast, observed in men of adolescence, post-pubertal period and andropause. In proliferative form of the disease (without atypia) the amount of estrogen receptors is higher than in proliferative form and in atypical hyperplasia of epithelium. Proliferation of ER+ cells and an increase in the proportion of cells expressing both ER and Ki67 proliferation factor are especially pronounced in proliferative forms of GM. The ultrastructural features of ductal cells in men are in most cases very similar to the signs of benign hyperplastic conditions in the female breast. Stroma in this case is the main component of GM, its ultrastructural features reflect the morphological manifestations of estrogenic stimulation.

In order to assess the changes of chronic inflammation markers in the sputum of patients with asthma in the application of various methods of therapy to allow creation of individual personalized programs of dispensary observation 312 patients with asthma were examined, who received standard basic therapy and dry air bath with radon different concentrations (20 and 40 nCi/l). It was revealed that the cellular composition of induced sputum may be used as a criterion of efficiency of treatment, and the inclusion of radontherapy in the program of rehabilitation of patients with asthma substantially improved current (control) and prognosis of the disease.

This article is devoted to the study of some micromorphological features of women’s placenta from physiological full-term pregnancy taking into account ethnicity, age and constitutional factors. The morphological and morphometric features of intervillous space and maternal fibrinoid were analyzed. These new data on micromorfometric indicators as well as features of individual and typological variability contributes to the deepening of fundamental data on normal clinical placenta’s morphology, which can serve as a basis for the subsequent understanding of the pathogenesis of complicated pregnancy and its consequences.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of morphometric parameters of fingerprint patterns of human hand. The material is based on observations of 420 cases (200 young men and 220 women). In the study was analyzed correlation of morphometric parameters of basic dermatoglyphic patterns of finger's tips. The analysis revealed that in the studied samples statistical interrelations of morphometric parameters of finger's dermatoglyphic patterns are in both sexes, but the structure of these interrelations depends on the sex, the type of pattern and its direction relative to the axis of the proximal-distal finger. The similar direction of similar sex differences of morphometric parameters of dermatoglyphic patterns, regardless of their type, authors interpret by presence of statistically significantly interrelations, which determined morphogenetically. The possibility of using the established regularities for a number of parts of the pattern with high identification significance is discussed.

Due to the fact that in modern clinical dentistry are increasingly used adhesive technology, the issues related to the preparation of an adequate adhesion surfaces of dental hard tissues. It is known that the preparation of rotary instruments have a damaging effect in violation of the microstructure of the enamel and dentin. The most important factors are damaging the cooling mode of the surgical field and drive the rotary tool. Using scanning electron microscopy was studied microstructure of adhesive enamel surface during processing with different modes of supplying water and air spray, and various types of boron actuator (pneumatic and mechanical). The results of electron microscopy clearly demonstrate that optimizing parameters such as mode of delivery of water and air spray, rotary tool drive can solve the following problems at preparing dental hard tissues - overheating of the tooth structure; rough surface after preparation; chipped and cracked enamel; as an adhesive surface.

With the use of methods of light microscopy we produce comparison morphological investigation of Hassall corpuscles of different maturity in animals and human with age difference. It was arrange that quantity and sizes of Hassall corpuscles in different stages of growth depend on organization level, belonging to a vital form, shape and age of animal. On the base of our investigation we can make resume about functional role of Hassall corpuscles .

The article discusses the main features of immature rat’s hepatocytes reparative regeneration mechanisms on a background of rifampin-isoniazid induced hepatitis. Investigation of cellular and molecular mechanisms of liver repair after drug-induced injury will give more information about the mechanisms of liver structure and function of compensation for improvement of the best options pathogenetic correction of chronic drug-induced hepatitis.

One of the most difficult and unresolved issues of emergency surgery is the treatment of acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The Mellori-Weiss syndrome (MWS) ranks first among non-ulcerative gastroduodenal bleeding. In the literature, there are different and sometimes completely opposite in nature representation of etiologic factors, conditions and mechanisms of formation of bleeding gaps at the junction of the esophagus into the stomach. Topographic-anatomical features of the structure of the lower third of the esophagus and cardia of the stomach, background predisposing diseases, intragastric and intracavitary (intraperitoneal) hypertension cause the emergence, development and varying degrees of severity of the MWS. The relevance and significance of morphological studies of the area is confirmed by the work of many scientists. However, in the research of esophageal-gastric junction remains issues which avent stadied enough related d to its shape, size, topography variations and structures in normal and pathological conditions. The analysis of domestic and foreign literature devoted to the etiology and pathogenesis of MWS. A clear understanding of patterns of occurrence of gastro-esophageal laceration syndrome will allow accurate diagnosis and prescribe the appropriate etiotropic and pathogenetic therapy.