Regeneration of Deep Linear Wounds of Rats’ Skin by Local Exposure to Metabolites of a Bacillus Subtilis 804 Culture

Abstract

The aim of the research was to study of the effect of metabolites of the culture of Bacillus subtilis 804 on the healing processes of deep linear wounds of rats' skin.

Material and methods. The study was performed on 40 Wistar rats, which were made linear skin wounds 1.0 cm in length and depth to the hypodermis under the inhalation ether anesthesia. The animals were divided into 2 groups (20 rats in each). In the 1st experimental group, the area of the skin wound defect was once watered with 1.0 ml of a sterile solution of the Bacillus subtilis 804 metabolites. In the 2nd control group 1.0 ml of saline was applied to the wound. Tissues from the area of the wound defect were studied using light microscopy, histochemistry, and morphometry on days 3, 7, and 11.

Results. In the experiment, an earlier migration of macrophages into the damage zone and a higher value of macrophage-neutrophil index were observed, which indicated the initially less pronounced inflammatory process, faster wound cleansing and the transition to the next stages of healing with accelerated proliferation and differentiation of epithelial cells and fibroblasts with the replacement of type III collagen by type I.

Conclusions. The metabolites of Bacillus subtilis 804 optimize the function of effector cells of the reparative process, that limits the severity of inflammation and determines the early migration of macrophages to the damaged area, accelerated cleansing of the wound defect, stimulates the migration of fibroblasts and epithelial cells into the wound, contributes to the formation of a functional and morphologically complete epidermal layer on the 7th day, and the dermal component on the 11th day after the alteration, leads to the limitation of sclerosis during remodeling of the forming scar, ensuring its normotrophicity.