Topographic and Anatomical Characteristic of Visceral Lymphatic Nodes of the Abdomen in the Intermediate Fetal Period of Human Ontogenesis

The aim of the research was to study the quantitative macromicroscopic topography and anatomy of the visceral lymph nodes of the abdominal cavity in the 16-22 weeks of the fetal period.

Material and methods. 100 human fetuses (male and female) from 16 to 22 weeks of ontogenesis were studied. Methods of macromicroscopic preparation; Pirogov sections; histotopography; the method of studying the projection anatomy of the lymphoid system of the abdominal cavity; the method for describing the quantitative topography of the lymphoid system of the abdominal cavity were used. The obtained data were subjected to statistical processing.

Results. On the 16th - 22nd weeks, the group of superior mesenteric lymph nodes (SMLN) is located in the abdominal cavity, has a large length and is well visualized. Using a coordinate system, the location of groups of nodes at the beginning of the observation period corresponds to the XII sector, between XII-XIII radii, in the CD zones, with the borders extending to the middle and the end of the observations to the C-F and G zones. SMLN are located along the mesentery root of the small intestine at the level of ThXI-LV. Indicators of distances from stable anatomical landmarks increase for groups of abdominal lymph nodes 1.8-5.2 times. On the 16th - 22nd weeks of ontogenesis, the topographic and anatomical features and characteristics of SMLN should be described relative to the mesentery root of the small intestine, the small intestine, the main trunk and the branches of the superior mesenteric vessels.

Conclusion. On the 16th - 22nd weeks of human ontogenesis SMLN contain juxtaintestinal, middle and upper central lymph nodes, with morphological integrity. The topography of the mesenteric lymph nodes is characterized by stable skeletopy. The data obtained allow us to expand the understanding of the age anatomy of the human lymphoid system, can be used as an anatomical basis for image analysis in ultrasound scanning and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as in fetal surgery.

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