THE PARTICIPATION OF MAST CELLS IN ADAPTATION OF THE STOMACH OF MONGOLIAN GERBILS TO THE GRAVITATIONAL FACTOR

The aim was to study the morphofunctional state of the mast cells (MC) population in the stomach of Mongolian gerbils after a 12-day space flight.

Material and methods. The experiment was performed on 35 Mongolian gerbils, 12 of which were in the 12-day space flight onboard the “Foton-M” No. 3 spacecraft, 11 animals made up a group of synchronous experiments, simulating some conditions of orbital flight, 12 – a vivarium group. The object of the study – the MC of the stomach fundus. Histochemical (revealing the chloroacetyl esterase activity, staining with toluidine blue) and immunomorphological (identification of tryptase, MC chymase and growth factor of MC and stem cells receptor – CD117) staining techniques were used.

Results. A decrease in the volume of the gastric MC population was observed, which was combined with a change in the secretion and expression of the growth factor receptor of mast cells and stem cells after orbital flight. The increase in the number of chloroacetyl esterase-positive MC, in the intensity of migration of mature MC precursors in the gastric membrane was found. The decrease in tryptase-containing MC in the population, indicating the active secretion of protease under the influence of real space flight factors, was accompanied by an increase of chymase expression. The results of the synchronous experiment on modeling the orbital flight conditions in the model of ground equipment were not characterized by such pronounced changes.

Conclusions. MC are a multifunctional element of the stomach anti-gravity system and a promising target for the study of adaptive processes in tissue microenvironment in zero gravity. MC take an active part in the formation of gravisensitivity of the stomach tissue structures of Mongolian gerbils and determine the development of adaptive processes under the influence of weightlessness at the local and systemic levels.

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