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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2018-7-1-14-26</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-573</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>УЧАСТИЕ ТУЧНЫХ КЛЕТОК В АДАПТАЦИИ  ЖЕЛУДКА МОНГОЛЬСКИХ ПЕСЧАНОК  К ГРАВИТАЦИОННОМУ ФАКТОРУ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE PARTICIPATION OF MAST CELLS IN ADAPTATION OF THE STOMACH OF MONGOLIAN GERBILS TO THE GRAVITATIONAL FACTOR</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Атякшин</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Atyakshin</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Атякшин Дмитрий Андреевич – доктор медицинских наук, директор НИИ экспериментальной биологии и медицины.</p><p>394036, Воронеж, ул. Студенческая, 10</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">earthmars38@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитюк</surname><given-names>Д. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikityuk</surname><given-names>D. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никитюк Дмитрий Борисович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, чл.-корр. РАН, директор ФИЦПББП; профессор кафедры анатомии человека и топографической анатомии МГУ им. М. В. Ломоносова.</p><p>109240, Москва, Устьинский проезд, 2/14</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клочкова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klochkova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Клочкова Светлана Валерьевна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры анатомии человека ПМГМУ им. И. М. Сеченова; профессор кафедры анатомии человека и топографической анатомии МГУ им. М. В. Ломоносова.</p><p>125009, Москва, ул. Моховая, 11, стр. 10</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>Н. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alexeeva</surname><given-names>N. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексеева Наталия Тимофеевна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой нормальной анатомии человека.</p><p>394036, Воронеж, ул. Студенческая, 10</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурцева</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Burtseva</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бурцева Александра Станиславовна – ассистент кафедры нормальной анатомии человека.</p><p>394036, Воронеж, ул. Студенческая, 10</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет  им. Н.Н. Бурденко» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Voronezh N. N. Burdenko State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН Федеральный исследовательский центр питания и биотехнологии; ФГБОУ ВО Московский государственный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Federal Research Centre of Biotechnology and Food Safety; Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет  им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет); ФГБОУ ВО Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>First I.M. Sechenov Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Атякшин Д.А., Никитюк Д.Б., Клочкова С.В., Алексеева Н.Т., Бурцева А.С., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Атякшин Д.А., Никитюк Д.Б., Клочкова С.В., Алексеева Н.Т., Бурцева А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Atyakshin D.A., Nikityuk D.B., Klochkova S.V., Alexeeva N.T., Burtseva A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/573">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/573</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель – изучить морфофункциональное состояние популяции тучных клеток (ТК) желудка монгольских песчанок после 12-суточного космического полета.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Эксперимент выполнен на 35 монгольских песчанках, 12 из которых находились в условиях 12-суточного космического полета на борту КА «Фотон-М» №3, 11 животных составили группу синхронного эксперимента, моделирующего некоторые условия орбитального полета, 12 особей – виварийную группу. Объект исследования – ТК фундального отдела желудка. Использованы гистохимические (выявление активности хлорацетил эстеразы, окрашивание толуидиновым синим) и иммуноморфологические (идентификация триптазы, химазы тучных клеток и рецептора фактора роста тучных и стволовых клеток – CD117) методики окрашивания.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. После орбитального полета обнаружено уменьшение объема популяции ТК желудка, которое сочеталось с изменением состава секретома и экспрессии рецептора фактора роста тучных и стволовых клеток. Выявлено возрастание численности хлорацетил эстераза-позитивных ТК, увеличение интенсивности миграции предшественников зрелых ТК в оболочки желудка. Снижение триптазасодержащих ТК в популяции, свидетельствующее об активной секреции протеазы под влиянием факторов реального космического полета, сопровождалось возрастанием экспрессии химазы. Результаты синхронного эксперимента по моделированию условий орбитального полета в макете наземной аппаратуры не характеризовались столь выраженными изменениями.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim was to study the morphofunctional state of the mast cells (MC) population in the stomach of Mongolian gerbils after a 12-day space flight.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The experiment was performed on 35 Mongolian gerbils, 12 of which were in the 12-day space flight onboard the “Foton-M” No. 3 spacecraft, 11 animals made up a group of synchronous experiments, simulating some conditions of orbital flight, 12 – a vivarium group. The object of the study – the MC of the stomach fundus. Histochemical (revealing the chloroacetyl esterase activity, staining with toluidine blue) and immunomorphological (identification of tryptase, MC chymase and growth factor of MC and stem cells receptor – CD117) staining techniques were used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A decrease in the volume of the gastric MC population was observed, which was combined with a change in the secretion and expression of the growth factor receptor of mast cells and stem cells after orbital flight. The increase in the number of chloroacetyl esterase-positive MC, in the intensity of migration of mature MC precursors in the gastric membrane was found. The decrease in tryptase-containing MC in the population, indicating the active secretion of protease under the influence of real space flight factors, was accompanied by an increase of chymase expression. The results of the synchronous experiment on modeling the orbital flight conditions in the model of ground equipment were not characterized by such pronounced changes.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. MC are a multifunctional element of the stomach anti-gravity system and a promising target for the study of adaptive processes in tissue microenvironment in zero gravity. MC take an active part in the formation of gravisensitivity of the stomach tissue structures of Mongolian gerbils and determine the development of adaptive processes under the influence of weightlessness at the local and systemic levels.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>космический полет</kwd><kwd>желудок</kwd><kwd>тучные клетки</kwd><kwd>внеклеточный матрикс</kwd><kwd>монгольские песчанки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>space flight</kwd><kwd>stomach</kwd><kwd>fat cells</kwd><kwd>extracellular matrix</kwd><kwd>Mongolian gerbils</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авцын А. П., Фукс Б. Б. Принципы и методы гистоцитохимического анализа в патологии. Ленинград: Медицина; 1971: 364.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avtsyn A.P., Fuks B.B. 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