Morphofunctional Parameters of the Spleen Under Immobilization Stress and the Use of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide

The aimof this study was to determine the morphofunctional features of the spleen in rats under immobilization stress and administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide.

Material and methods.60 white Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups. The animals of the first control group were injected with saline. The rats of the second control group were injected with lipopolysaccharide. In the rats of the third group, immobilization stress was induced and the animals of this group were injectedwith saline. In rats of the fourth group, immobilization stress was also caused and lipopolysaccharide was administered in the form of the drug Pyrogenal (Medgamal, Russia) in a dose of 100  µg/kg of body weight. Fragments of the spleen were fixed in a 10% solution of neutral formalin, dehydrated in alcohols of increasing strength, and embedded in paraffin. Thin paraffin sections 4–5 µm thick were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The area of longitudinal sections  of  the  spleen,  the  area  of  the  white  and red  pulp  were  determined planimetrically.  Using  a  screw  m icrometer eyepiece, the width of the reactive center of the lymph nodes of the white pulp, the width of the mantle and  marginal  zone  of  the  nodules,  as  well  as  the  width  of  the  periarterial  lymphoid sheath  were  measured (40–50 measurements for each animal).

Results.It was found that on the 3rd day after the stress morphological signs of a sharp decrease in the activity of the white pulp were revealed. On the 8th day, pronounced recovery processes in the spleen were noted, however, complete restoration of the structure of the spleen did not occur. On the 3rd and 8th days after stress and  administration  of  lipopolysaccharide,  no  signs  of  inhibition  of  the  activity  of  the  white  and  red  pulp  were found in the spleen; morphological parameters of the spleen did not differ from the control values.

1. Bobrysheva IV. Morphological reactivity of the spleen of rats of different age periods during immunostimulation. Journal of clinical and experimental Medical Research. 2013; 1(3):315–321] (in Russian).

2. Buklis YuV. Study of the immune structures of the spleen in the conditions of chronic radiation exposure to the body. Morphology. 2010; 137(4):42] (in Russian).

3. Dolgushin II, Smirnova TG, Shishkova YuS, Prokop'eva OB. Effect of pyrogenal on ability monocytes to production of extracellular traps. Journal of Ural Medical Academic Science. 2012;4(41):31–32.] (in Russian).

4. Kashchenko SA. Bobrysheva IV. Features of the histological structure of the white pulp of the rat spleen in different periods of postnatal ontogenesis under experimental immunosuppression. Journal of the Grodno State Medical University. 2014; 1(45): 51-54] (in Russian).

5. Magomedova PG, Abramova MV. White pulp of the rat spleen after short-term exposure to formaldehyde. Morphology.2008; ( 2): 81–83] (in Russian).

6. Mcalish TP. Age-related structural features of the rat spleen during administration of xenogenic cerebrospinal fluid. Abstract of the cand.diss. Saint Petersburg. 2018.22] (in Russian).

7. Makalish TP. Morphofunctional features of the spleen under the influence of factors of different genesis on the body. Tavrichesky medico-biolol Bulletin. 2013; 16( 1): 265–269] (in Russian).

8. Chava SV. Reaction of the immune system organs to the introduction of immunomodulators. Morphology . 2006; (4): 134] (in Russian).

9. Chava SV. The role of immunomodulators in immune processes. Morphology. 2007; (3): 98-99] (in Russian).

10. Chava SV, Buklis YuV. Structural characteristics of immune formations of the spleen of mice after exposure to low-intensity radiation factor. Morphological statements. 2011;(4): 65–69] (in Russian).

11. Shcherbak VA. The influence of vilon on the morphometric parameters of the spleen in the experiment Medical Sciences. 2016; (5): 123-127] (in Russian).

12. Shishkova YuS, Savochkina AYu, Ryzhkova AI, Mezentseva EA. Pyrogenalum on formation a neutrophils extracellular traps. Meditsinskaya nauka i obrazovanie Urala. 2009; 10(3): 23–24.](in Russian).

13. Das S, Chowdhury R, Ghosh S, Das S. A recombinant protein of Salmonella Typhi induces humoral and cell-mediated immune responses including memory responses. Vaccine. 2017 Aug;35(35):4523–31. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.035

14. Sapronov NS, Nezhinskaya GI, Vladykin AL.Effects of Cholinergic Agonists and Antagonists under Conditions of Spleen Denervation in Rats with Endotoxic Shock. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2010 Sep 29;149(5):598–600. doi: 10.1007/s10517-010-1002-4

15. Fernández G, Mena M-P, Arnau A, Sánchez O, Soley M, Ramírez I.Immobilization stress induces c-Fos accumulation in liver. Cell Stress & Chaperones. 2000;5(4):306.

16. Koptev MM, Vynnyk NI. Morphological substantiation for acute immobilization stress-related disorders of adaptation mechanisms. Wiad Lek. 2017;70(4):767-770.

17. Rokytová I, Mravec B, Lauková M, Vargovič P.Effect of rapamycin on repeated immobilization stress-induced immune alterations in the rat spleen. Journal of Neuroimmunology. 2020 Sep;346:577309. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577309