Morphofunctional Characteristics of Palatine Tonsils in Children by the Results of Tonsillotomy

The aim was to study the morphofunctional features of palatine tonsils of children aged 2-14 years with hypertrophy of palatine tonsils of 2^nd and 3^rd degree. Material and methods . The palatine tonsils obtained after tonsilotomy in 34 children aged 2-14 years with hypertrophy of palatine tonsils of 2nd and 3rd degree served as a subject of the study. The material was examined using histological, histochemical and morphometric methods. Results . Lymphoid tissue in the examined tonsils is represented by both lymphoid nodules (follicles) and diffusely located lymphoid tissue. In tonsils, the presence of a marked inflammatory process in most of the children examined, despite the absence of a history of angina. Against the background of moderate edema in the vessels of the microcirculatory bed, the stasis of the formed blood elements, focal destruction of the capillary wall, the release of the formed elements of blood into the surrounding connective tissue were noted. All children showed marked lymphoid infiltration of the epithelium and connective tissue, focal destruction of the epithelial layer in the crypts and on the surface of the tonsils. Destructive changes in epithelial cells were mainly manifested in the form of vacuolization of the cytoplasm of epitheliocytes and karyorexis. Among the leukocytes, lymphocytes predominated, in addition to them, plasmocytes, single macrophages, mast cells, and neutrophils were detected. The height of the epithelial layer on the surface and in the crypts increased with increasing age of the children. Thus, in the crypt region, the height of the epithelium in children aged 3 years was 32-37 μm and in children 13 to 14 years, 60 to 70 μm. The proportion of interfollicular connective tissue increased insignificantly with increasing age of children. In children 2-8 years old, hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue was accompanied by an increase in the number and size of lymphoid follicles. Later, the size of follicles decreased with increasing age of children. A significant feature of follicles was the significant development of reactive centers centers of reproduction), in which numerous mitoses were recorded, which indicates the activation of the B-system of immunity.

небная миндалина, воспаление, тонзиллотомия, эпителий, крипта, лимфоидная ткань, лимфоидные фолликулы, соединительная ткань, palatine tonsil, inflammation, tonsillotomy, epithelium, crypt, lymphoid tissue, lymphoid follicles, connective tissue

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