Морфофункциональная организация субфорникального органа

Настоящий обзор содержит данные литературы, освещающие структуру и функции субфорникального органа (СФО). СФО принадлежит к сенсорной группе образований, расположившихся вокруг III и IV желудочков и составляющих циркумвентрикулярную систему мозга. Несмотря на малые размеры, СФО имеет четыре отдела, которые отличаются друг от друга особенностями цито-, миело- и ангиоархитектоники. Особенности строения гематоэнцефалического барьера в СФО позволяют многим веществам напрямую контактировать с его клеточными элементами. Отличительной чертой СФО является то, что циркулирующие вещества могут пребывать в капиллярах в течение необычно длительного времени. Периваскулярные пространства, располагающиеся вокруг капилляров I и III типов, в виде тонких каналов пронизывают орган и обеспечивают веществам, находящимся в интерстициальной жидкости, обширную площадь поверхности для взаимодействия с рецепторным полем. Характерной особенностью СФО можно считать танициты, чьи переплетающиеся отростки простираются по всему органу и образуют множественные контакты с нейронами и сосудистым руслом. СФО является важным звеном в регуляции гомеостаза. Он принимает участие в регуляции артериального давления и питьевого поведения, осуществляет контроль водно-электролитного баланса и энергетического обмена, а также выступает важным звеном нейроиммунных взаимодействий. Такие структурно-функциональные особенности СФО делают его перспективным объектом нейробиологических исследований.

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