Morphofunctional features of the uterus of rodents: morphogenesis, structure, cyclic changes, impact of various negative environmental factors
https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-3-82-92
Abstract
The review highlights and generalises data on morphological and functional features of the rodent uterus. In all viviparous vertebrates, the development of embryos occurs in a specific organ – the uterus. The mammalian uterus is a primary paired organ that develops from the oviducts. In mammals with more complicated level of organisation (in all placentals), there is a tendency for the fusion of two uteri (partial, for example, in most rodents). To date, the morphofunctional features of the uterus of laboratory animals have been sufficiently studied in representatives of the order Rodentia. The data on the structural features of the uterus of most rodents from natural ecosystems are stated to be fragmentary and refer mainly to synanthropic species. In all rodents, the uterine wall is structured typically of mammals and consists of three membranes – mucous (endometrium), muscular (myometrium) and serous (perimetry). The mucous membrane of the uterus is lined with a single layer of ciliated epithelium. Cyclic changes in the mucous membrane of the uterus and vagina of rodents results in a complex of rearrangements. Thus, the integumentary epithelium of the uterine mucosa is represented by high cylindrical cells during periods of physiological activity, the cell nuclei are arranged in two to three rows, and the height of the epithelium decreases during periods of physiological rest. The leading role in the functional regulation of the uterus belongs to female sex hormones; their secretion, in turn, depends on the pituitary and hypothalamic hormones. The paper provides data on the negative impact of various organic substances, metal compounds, physical factors, including electromagnetic effects, on the structural components of the uterine wall (integumentary and glandular epithelium, smooth muscle membrane myocytes, cellular elements of connective tissue).
About the Authors
N. N. Shevlyuk
Orenburg State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Nikolai N. Shevlyuk – Doct. Biol. Sci., Prof, professor of histology, cytology and embryology department
ul. Sovetskaya, 6, Orenburg, 460000
E. V. Blinova
Orenburg State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Elena V. Blinova – Cand. Biol. Sci., Assoc. Prof.
Orenburg
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Shevlyuk N.N., Blinova E.V. Morphofunctional features of the uterus of rodents: morphogenesis, structure, cyclic changes, impact of various negative environmental factors. Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology. 2022;11(3):82-92. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-3-82-92
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