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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-3-82-92</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-1614</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Морфофункциональная характеристика матки грызунов: морфогенез, структура, циклические изменения, воздействие различных негативных факторов среды обитания</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphofunctional features of the uterus of rodents: morphogenesis, structure, cyclic changes, impact of various negative environmental factors</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9299-0571</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевлюк</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevlyuk</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шевлюк Николай Николаевич – д-р. биол. наук, профессор, профессор кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>ул. Советская, 6, Оренбург, 460000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolai N. Shevlyuk – Doct. Biol. Sci., Prof, professor of histology, cytology and embryology department</p><p>ul. Sovetskaya, 6, Orenburg, 460000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k_histology@orgma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блинова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blinova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Блинова Елена Владиславовна – канд. биол. наук, доцент</p><p>Оренбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Blinova – Cand. Biol. Sci., Assoc. Prof.</p><p>Orenburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k_histology@orgma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Оренбургский государственный медицинский университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Orenburg State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>82</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шевлюк Н.Н., Блинова Е.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шевлюк Н.Н., Блинова Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shevlyuk N.N., Blinova E.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1614">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1614</self-uri><abstract><p>Обзор посвящен обобщению сведений о морфофункциональной характеристике матки грызунов. У всех живородящих позвоночных развитие эмбрионов происходит в специально предназначенном для этого органе – матке. Матка млекопитающих является первично парным органом, развивающимся из яйцеводов. С усложнением уровня организации млекопитающих (у всех плацентарных) отмечается тенденция срастания двух маток (частичное, например, у большинства грызунов). К настоящему времени достаточно изученной у представителей отряда грызунов является морфофункциональная характеристика матки лабораторных животных. Что же касается сведений о структурных характеристиках матки большинства грызунов из естественных экосистем, то данные по этому вопросу фрагментарны, относятся преимущественно к синантропным видам. У всех грызунов стенка матки устроена по общему плану организации, свойственному млекопитающим и состоит из трех оболочек – слизистой (эндометрия), мышечной (миометрия) и серозной (периметрия). Слизистая оболочка матки выстлана однослойным мерцательным эпителием. В ходе циклических изменений в слизистой оболочке матки и влагалище грызунов наблюдается комплекс перестроек. Так, покровный эпителий слизистой оболочки матки в периоды физиологической активности представлен высокими цилиндрическими клетками, ядра клеток расположены в два – три ряда, а в периоды физиологического покоя высота эпителия снижается. Ведущую роль в регуляции функциональных отправлений матки принадлежит женским половым гормонам, секреция которых в свою очередь зависит от гипофизарных и гипоталамических гормонов. Представлены сведения о негативном влиянии различных органических веществ, соединений металлов, физических факторов, в том числе электромагнитных воздействий, на структурные компоненты стенки матки (покровный и железистый эпителий, гладкие миоциты мышечной оболочки, клеточные элементы соединительной ткани).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review highlights and generalises data on morphological and functional features of the rodent uterus. In all viviparous vertebrates, the development of embryos occurs in a specific organ – the uterus. The mammalian uterus is a primary paired organ that develops from the oviducts. In mammals with more complicated level of organisation (in all placentals), there is a tendency for the fusion of two uteri (partial, for example, in most rodents). To date, the morphofunctional features of the uterus of laboratory animals have been sufficiently studied in representatives of the order Rodentia. The data on the structural features of the uterus of most rodents from natural ecosystems are stated to be fragmentary and refer mainly to synanthropic species. In all rodents, the uterine wall is structured typically of mammals and consists of three membranes – mucous (endometrium), muscular (myometrium) and serous (perimetry). The mucous membrane of the uterus is lined with a single layer of ciliated epithelium. Cyclic changes in the mucous membrane of the uterus and vagina of rodents results in a complex of rearrangements. Thus, the integumentary epithelium of the uterine mucosa is represented by high cylindrical cells during periods of physiological activity, the cell nuclei are arranged in two to three rows, and the height of the epithelium decreases during periods of physiological rest. The leading role in the functional regulation of the uterus belongs to female sex hormones; their secretion, in turn, depends on the pituitary and hypothalamic hormones. The paper provides data on the negative impact of various organic substances, metal compounds, physical factors, including electromagnetic effects, on the structural components of the uterine wall (integumentary and glandular epithelium, smooth muscle membrane myocytes, cellular elements of connective tissue).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>матка</kwd><kwd>морфогенез</kwd><kwd>эндометрий</kwd><kwd>циклические изменения</kwd><kwd>миометрий</kwd><kwd>размножение</kwd><kwd>грызуны</kwd><kwd>антропогенное влияние</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>uterus</kwd><kwd>morphogenesis</kwd><kwd>endometrium</kwd><kwd>cyclic changes</kwd><kwd>myometrium</kwd><kwd>reproduction</kwd><kwd>rodents</kwd><kwd>anthropogenic impact</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алекперов С.И., Суетов А.А., Лаврененок Л.В., Ефремов В.И., Кимстач А.Н. 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