Особенности распределения фермента CD38 в триптаза-позитивных тучных клетках: цитофизиологические и гистотопографические аспекты

Биологическое значение молекулы CD38 выходит за рамки метаболических, ферментативных и пролиферативных функций. Обладая одновременно функциями экзофермента и рецептора, СD38 активно задействован в механизмах адгезии, миграции, межклеточного сигналлинга, формировании иммунных синапсов и модуляции деятельности широкого спектра иммунных и неиммунных клеток. Однако детекция CD38 в тучных клетках (ТК) на срезах органов, фиксированных в формалине и заключенных в парафин, ранее не проводилась.

Цель исследования – иммуногистохимическая оценка цитологических и гистотопографических характеристик распределения CD38 в ТК кожи, молочной железы, небных миндалин и костного мозга.

Материал и методы. В соответствии с дизайном эксперимента исследован биоматериал органов от пациентов с нейротрофическими язвами кожи, тонзиллитом, мастоцитозом, раком молочной железы и аденокарциномой поджелудочной железы. CD38 выявляли иммуногистохимически, для исследования цитотопографических закономерностей распределения фермента в ТК и выявления особенностей их гистотопографии использовалась мультиплексная технология окрашивания.

Результаты. Впервые показана возможность иммуногистохимической детекции CD38 в ТК на гистологических срезах различных органов. Экспрессия CD38 выявлялась в меньшей части популяции ТК и характеризовалось широкой вариабельностью от слабого до выраженного уровня. Содержание CD38 в ТК обладало органоспецифическими особенностями, а также зависело от развития патологических про цессов в специфическом тканевом микроокружении.

Заключение. Технологии мультиплексной иммуногистохимии позволяют выявлять экспрессию СD38 в тучных клетках и исследовать взаимодействие тучных клеток с другими CD38+-мишенями в тканях, открывая новые представления о механизмах реализации эффектов преформированных компонентов секретома в норме и патологии.

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