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Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology

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Structural Features of Glands in the Sphincter Zones of the Large Intestine of an Adult

https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2021-10-4-9-13

Abstract

The aim is to study macro- and microscopic structure, as well as the cellular composition of the glands of the sphincter zones of large intestine of adults of different age groups.

Material and methods. On autopsy material obtained from 30 people, without signs of pathology of the digestive tract of three age groups: 20–29 years, 50–59 years, 90–99 years, the structure of the glandular apparatus of the sphincter zones was studied. The areas of the Gerlach flap, Girsch sphincters, Payr–Strauss, Bally, O'bern–Pirogov–Moutier were considered. Quantitative morphometry was performed on histological preparations stained with methylene blue, followed by fixation in a saturated solution of ammonium molybdenum (picric acid), hematoxylin-eosin, picrofuchsin according to Van Gieson. Methods of parametric statistics based on the Statistica 6.0 program were used for statistical data processing.

Results. The analysis of the number, size and cellular composition of the glands of the sphincter zones of the large intestine revealed an increase in both the number of glands and their size in all age groups compared to the proximally adjacent areas of the intestine, on average by 1.3–1.5 times. In a similar range, individual indicators of the number of epithelial cells in the glands of the sphincter zones of the colon increased. At the same time, the cellular composition of the glands of the sphincter zones and adjacent areas of the intestinal wall was similar to neighboring areas, with predominant goblet-shaped epithelial cells (52.9–54.2% of cells on the longitudinal section of the gland) and the presence of absorption cells (29.9–31.2%), undifferentiated – 11.9–13.2% and argyrophilic endocrinocytes – 1.4–5.3%.

Conclusion. Against the background of narrowing of the lumen of the large intestine in the area of the sphincters and changes in the nature of the mucous membrane, there is an increase in the size and density of the localization of glands in all age groups. This confirms the thesis about the formation of a protective barrier that provides a local adaptive potential of this area of the intestinal wall, against the background of increased mechanical effects of intestinal masses.

About the Authors

D. B. Nikityuk
The Federal Research Centre of Biotechnology and Food Safety; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
Russian Federation

 Dmitrii Nikityuk

Ust'inskii proezd, 2/14, Moscow, 109240



V. M. Chuchkov
Izhevsk State Medical Academy
Russian Federation


N. N. Chuchkova
Udmurt State University
Russian Federation


N. T. Alexeeva
Voronezh N. N. Burdenko State Medical University
Russian Federation


S. V. Klochkova
Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Medical Institute; Moscow Scientific and Practical Center for Medical Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine
Russian Federation


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Review

For citations:


Nikityuk D.B., Chuchkov V.M., Chuchkova N.N., Alexeeva N.T., Klochkova S.V. Structural Features of Glands in the Sphincter Zones of the Large Intestine of an Adult. Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology. 2021;10(4):9-13. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2021-10-4-9-13

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ISSN 2225-7357 (Print)