Karyometric Parameters of Skin Fibroblasts in the Early Stages of Wound Healing

The aim of the study was a comparative study of the karyometric parameters of fibroblasts using various acid-modified solutions in the early stages of healing of skin wounds in rats.
Material and methods. The experiment was carried out on 75 Wistar rats. For the treatment of wounds, 0.9% NaCl solution was used at a pH of 5.0; 7.0; and 7.5. The material was fixed in Shtiva liquid, 10% formalin solution. Thin paraffin sections (4–5 μm) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, azan according to Heidenhain. The area of fibroblast nuclei was determined planimetrically
Results. Three types of fibroblasts were found in the skin of intact rats. The papillary layer contained papillary fibroblasts; the reticular layer – reticular fibroblasts. The third type of fibroblasts was located between the hair follicles. In rats of all experimental groups, on the 1^st day after the wound was inflicted, extensive inflammatory processes, hemorrhages, and necrotic changes in the structural components of the skin were revealed. On the 3^rd day after the wound was inflicted in rats of the 1^st and 4^th groups, the area of the nuclei of papillary fibroblasts in the peripheral areas of the wound statistically significantly increased by 24.4% and 22.4%, respectively, compared with the control. In animals of the 3^rd group, the area of fibroblast nuclei remained unchanged. On the 5^th day, an increase in the number of fibroblasts over the entire surface of the wound was observed in rats of all experimental groups. The area of fibroblast nuclei in rats of the 4^th group increased statistically significantly by 26.5% (Р<0.001) as compared to the control. In animals of the 3^rd group, the increase in the area of the nuclei in comparison with the control was only 6.5%, while no statistically significant changes were found in comparison with the control. The area of the fibroblast nuclei located between the hair follicles reached a maximum value, which indicated a high functional tension of the hair follicle fibroblasts.
Conclusion. The use of 0.9% NaCl solution with pH 5.0 in the first phase of wound healing and 0.9% NaCl solution with pH 7.5 in the second phase of wound healing reduces inflammation processes, while the secretory activity of fibroblasts increases, and collagenization is accelerated.

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