Anatomy of the Human Cervical Spine and Spinal Cord at 20–22 Weeks of Intrauterine Development
https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2021-10-1-15-20
Abstract
Early and timely diagnosis of the spinal column and spinal cord pathologies, their intrauterine and postnatal correction require detailed knowledge of the anatomy and topography of the cervical spine in the fetus. The complex interactions of the cervical spine with the corresponding parts of the spinal cord and adjacent structures require detailed study during the embryonic period of ontogenesis.
The aim of the study was to investigate the morphometric and topographic anatomical fetal features of the cervical spine and adjacent structures at 20–22 weeks of the intrauterine development.
Material and methods. This study was performed on the sectional material from human fetuses, 20–22 weeks of development (20 human fetuses of both sexes), obtained from the fetal collection of the Department of Human Anatomy, Orenburg State Medical University. A standard set of morphological methods were applied in the study – macromicroscopic preparation, Pirogov method of cuts in three mutually perpendicular planes, production of serial histotopograms with Van Gieson staining, photography, morphometry.
Results. It was found that during the studied periods of prenatal ontogenesis, the length of the cervical spine averaged 17.5±1.5 mm. The transverse size of the vertebral body in fetuses of 20–22 weeks of development throughout the cervical spine is of greater importance than the anteroposterior. The transverse and anteroposterior dimensions of the vertebral foramen gradually decrease in the craniocaudal direction. It was also demonstrated that it is necessary to remove the dura mater in order to obtain reliable dimensional characteristics of the spinal cord.
Conclusion. Thus, the data obtained on the anatomy and topography of the spinal column and the spinal cord at the 20th – 22nd weeks of the human ontogenesis can serve as the morphological basis of fetal surgery.
About the Authors
A. Yu. Isengulova
Orenburg State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Anastasiya Isengulova
ul. Sovetskaya, 6, Orenburg, 460000
V. A. Galiakbarova
Orenburg State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Orenburg
T. S. Seredinova
Orenburg State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Orenburg
D. N. Lyashchenko
Orenburg State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Orenburg
E. N. Galeeva
Orenburg State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Orenburg
References
1. Баранов Э.Ф. Российский статистический ежегодник. М.; 2017. [Baranov E.F. Rossiiskii statisticheskii ezhegodnik. Moscow; 2017] (in Russian).
2. Бобрик И.И., Минаков В.И. Атлас анатомии новорожденного. Киев: Здоровье. 1990 [Bobrik II, Minakov VI. Atlas anatomii novorozhdennogo. Kiev: Zdorov'e. 1990] (in Russian).
3. Виссарионов С.В. Врожденные пороки позвоночника: вопросы эмбриогенеза, формирования и развития некоторых аномалий. Научные обзоры. 2006;31–2 [Vissarionov SV. Vrozhdennye poroki pozvonochnika: voprosy embriogeneza, formirovaniya i razvitiya nekotorykh anomalii. Nauchnye obzory. 2006;31– 2] (in Russian).
4. Воронов В.Г., Чмутин Г.Е. Нейрохирургическая вертебромедуллярная патология у детей и подростков. В 2-х томах. М.: РУДН, 2018;2:520 [Voronov VG, Chmutin GE. Neirokhirurgicheskaya vertebromedullyarnaya patologiya u detei i podrostkov. Moscow: RUDN; 2018.2] (in Russian).
5. Кабак С.Л., Заточная В.В., Гордионок Д.М. Количественная характеристика тканей позвонков у эмбрионов и плодов человека. Клиническая и экспериментальная морфология. 2020;9(1):49–56 [Kabak SL, Zatochnaya VV, Gordionok DM. Quantitative characteristic of vertebral tissues in human embryos and fetuses. Clinical and Experimental Morphology. 2020;9(1):49–56] (in Russian).
6. Куренков Е.Л., Макарова В.В. Онтогенез межпозвонкового диска у человека. Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии. 2018;7(1):98–107 [Kurenkov EL, Makarova VV. Ontogenesis of Human Intervertebral Disc. Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology. 2018;7(1):98–107] (in Russian). doi: 10.18499/2225-7357-2018-7-1-98-107
7. Нагорнева С.В., Прохорова В.С., Шелаева Е.В., Худовекова А.М. Анализ частоты выявления врожденных пороков развития у плодов за последние 5 лет (2013–2017). Журнал акушерства и женских болезней. 2018; 67(3): 44–8 [Nagorneva SV, Prokhorova VS, Shelaeva EV, Khudovecova AM. The prevalence of congenital fetal anomalies for the past 5 years (2013–2017). Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases. 2018;67(3):44–8] (in Russian).
8. Родионов А.А., Асфандияров Р.И. Морфогенез эпидурального пространства человека в эмбриональном и раннем плодном периодах. Оригинальные исследования. 2009;135(1):25– 30 [Rodionov AA, Asfandiyarov RI. Morphogenesis of human epidural space in the embryonic and early fetal periods. Morfologiia. 2009;135(1):25–30] (in Russian).
9. Школьников В.С., Гуминский Ю.Й. Особенности структуры и морфометрические параметры сегментов спинного мозга плодов человека и сиамских близнецов в сравнительном аспекте. Вестник ВГМУ. 2014;13(1):13–9 [Shkol'nikov VS, Guminskii YuI. Osobennosti struktury i morfometricheskie parametry segmentov spinnogo mozga plodov cheloveka i siamskikh bliznetsov v sravnitel'nom aspekte. Vestnik Vitebskogo Gosudarstvennogo Meditsinskogo Universiteta. 2014;13(1):13–9] (in Russian).
10. Adzick NS. Prospects for fetal surgery. Early Human Development. 2013 Nov;89(11):881–6. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2013.09.010
11. Arora M. Fetal Anatomy: Morphometry of Vertebral Canal and Spinal Cord of Cervical Region in Human Fetuses. Annals of International medical and Dental Research. 2016 Apr 25;(3):128–31. doi: 10.21276/aimdr.2016.2.3.32
12. Bagnall KM, Harris PF, James RM. A radiographic study of the human fetal spine. 1. The development of the secondary cervical curvature. J. Anat. 1977;123:777–82.
13. Heuer GG, Moldenhauer JS, Scott Adzick N. Prenatal surgery for myelomeningocele: review of the literature and future directions. Child’s Nervous System. 2017 May 17;33(7):1149–55. doi: 10.1007/s00381-017-3440-z
14. O`Rahilly R, Muller F, Meyer DB. The human vertebral column at the end of the embryonic period proper. J. Anat. 1980;131.565–75.
15. Roth ML, Purkyne JE. Normal neurovertebral growth relation. Opusc Morphol. 1985;91:11–34.
16. Sacco A, Ushakov F, Thompson D, Peebles D, Pandya P, De Coppi P, et al. Fetal surgery for open spina bifida. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist. 2019 Sep 27;21(4):271–82. doi: 10.1111/tog.12603
17. Vrecenak JD, Flake AW. Fetal surgical intervention: progress and perspectives. Pediatric Surgery International. 2013 Apr 4;29(5):407–17. doi: 10.1007/s00383-013-3304-х
Review
For citations:
Isengulova A.Yu., Galiakbarova V.A., Seredinova T.S., Lyashchenko D.N., Galeeva E.N. Anatomy of the Human Cervical Spine and Spinal Cord at 20–22 Weeks of Intrauterine Development. Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology. 2021;10(1):15-20. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2021-10-1-15-20
Views:
522
Email this article 