Vadim Nikolaevich Shvalev (1929–2023) and the Development of the Histology of the Autonomic Nervous System in the USSR–Russia

The article is devoted to the analysis of the contribution of the renowned Soviet and Russian neurohistologist, Professor and Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation Vadim Nikolaevich Shvalev (1929–2023) to the development of issues concerning the morphofunctional organization of the autonomic nervous system. The main objects of his research were the structures of the autonomic nervous system innervating the organs of the urinary system, the cardiovascular system, as well as the digestive and immunogenesis organs. He formulated a fundamental concept of the periodization of autonomic nervous system development in the ontogenesis of humans and mammals, in which he distinguished three stages — the pre-mediator, mediator, and post-mediator stages. He identified the sources of innervation of the kidney and urinary tract in vertebrates and traced the stages of differentiation of the neural structures of the kidney and urinary tract in animals and humans throughout phylogenesis and ontogenesis. V.N. Shvalev obtained new facts on the histochemical analysis of autonomic nervous system structures in the heart; along with cholinergic and adrenergic plexuses, purinergic nerve endings were identified in the heart. He established the patterns of age-related changes in the cardiac ganglia and adrenergic nerve plexuses. He formulated a fundamental and applied concept, the essence of which lies in the fact that the cardiovascular system is characterized by the phenomenon of early involution of the adrenergic structures of the heart in humans, with the onset of this involution being detected at the age of 35–40 years. He is the founder of a major neurohistological school, whose representatives continue to develop the scientific ideas of their mentor in our country and abroad.

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12. Shvalev VN. O spinal'noy afferentnoy innervatsii parenkhimy pochki [On spinal afferent innervation of the kidney parenchyma]. Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol. 1958; 35(2): 47–53. (In Russ.).

13. Shvalev VN. Innervatsiya nefrona [Innervation of the nephron]. Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol. 1964; 47(12): 35–43. (In Russ.).

14. Shvalev VN. Aktual'nye problemy morfologii i prirody nervnogo apparata pochek [Current problems of morphology and nature of the renal nerve apparatus]. Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol. 1965; 49(7): 54–64. (In Russ.).

15. Shvalev VN. Innervatsiya pochek [Innervation of the kidneys]. Moscow–Leningrad: Nauka, Leningradskoe otdelenie; 1965. 179 p. (In Russ.).

16. Shvalev VN. Nekotorye zakonomernosti evolyutsii nervnogo apparata mochevydelitel'noy sistemy pozvonochnykh [Some patterns of evolution of the nervous apparatus of the urinary system in vertebrates]. Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol. 1968; 54(3): 3–24. (In Russ.).

17. Shvalev VN. Innervatsiya plavatel'nogo puzyrya ryb [Innervation of the swim bladder in fish]. Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol. 1968; 54(5): 86–91. (In Russ.).

18. Shvalev VN. N.G. Kolosov i ego uchitel' B.I. Lavrent'ev [N.G. Kolosov and his teacher B.I. Lavrentiev]. Morfologiia. 1993; 105(7–8): 58. (In Russ.).

19. Shvalev VN, Zhuchkova NI. Prostoy sposob vyyavleniya adrenergicheskikh nervnykh struktur v tkanyakh cheloveka i zhivotnykh s primeneniem rastvora glioksilovoy kisloty [A simple method for detecting adrenergic nerve structures in human and animal tissues using glyoxylic acid solution]. Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol. 1979; 76(6): 114–116. (In Russ.).

20. Shvalev VN, Zhuchkova N. Uluchshenie gistokhimicheskogo vyyavleniya adrenergicheskikh nervnykh elementov v rastvore glioksilovoy kisloty pri posredstve dimetil sulfoksida (DMSO) [Improvement of histochemical detection of adrenergic nerve elements in glyoxylic acid solution by means of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)]. Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol. 1987; 93(10): 91–92. (In Russ.).

21. Shvalev VN, Kargina-Terent'eva RA, Kareeva NI. Fenomen ochagovoy desimpatizatsii magistral'nykh sosudov pri razvitii ateroskleroza [The phenomenon of focal desympathization of great vessels during the development of atherosclerosis]. Morfologiia. 1996; 110(4): 102– 104. (In Russ.).

22. Shvalev VN, Kiseleva RE, Ivanov NM., Sosunov AA., Kruglyakov PP, Golovin IP. Ul'trastruktura nekotorykh gangliev vegetativnoy nervnoy sistemy zarodysha cheloveka v nachale mediatornogo etapa ontogeneza [The ultrastructure of some ganglia of the autonomic nervous system of the human embryo at the beginning of the mediator stage of ontogenesis]. Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol. 1984; 86(4): 5–12. (In Russ.).

23. Shvalev VN, Reydler RM, Mingazova IV. Etapy formirovaniya vegetativnoy nervnoy sistemy v svyazi s vozniknoveniem ee osnovnykh mediatorov v embriogeneze (prenatal'noe razvitie kholin- i adrenergicheskikh nervnykh elementov u cheloveka i krolika) [Stages of formation of the autonomic nervous system in connection with the emergence of its main mediators in embryogenesis (prenatal development of cholinergic and adrenergic nerve elements in humans and rabbits)]. 1972; 63(8): 48–66. Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol. (In Russ.).

24. Shvalev VN, Reutov VP, Rogoza AN, Kovalev VP, Zyuzina NK, Puchkova OI. Analiz vozrastnykh izmeneniy nervnoy trofiki serdechno-sosudistoy sistemy v norme i usloviyakh patologii [Analysis of age-related changes in nervous trophism of the cardiovascular system in normal and pathological conditions]. Morfologicheskie Vedomosti. 2012; (3): 6–11. (In Russ.).

25. Shvalev VN, Reutov VP, Rogoza AN, Sergienko VB, Ansheles AA, Kovalev VP. Razvitie sovremennykh predstavleniy o neyrogennoyprirode kardiologicheskikh zabolevaniy [Development of modern concepts about the neurogenic nature of cardiac diseases]. Tikhookeanskiy Meditsinskiy Zhurnal. 2014; 1(55): 10–14. (In Russ.).

26. Shvalev VN, Reutov VP, Rogoza AN, Sergienko VB, Sosunov AA, Kovalev VP. Morfofunktsional'nye issledovaniya neyrogennoy prirody zabolevaniy serdechno-sosudistoy sistemy [Morphofunctional studies of the neurogenic nature of diseases of the cardiovascular system]. Morfologicheskie Vedomosti. 2014; (1): 6–19. (In Russ.).

27. Shvalev VN, Sosunov AA. Sovremennye predstavleniya ob ul'trastrukture i mezhneyronnykh svyazyakh vnutriorgannykh gangliev. Dostizheniya i perspektivy [Modern concepts of the ultrastructure and interneuronal connections of intraorganic ganglia. Achievements and prospects]. Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol. 1982; 82(5): 5–18. (In Russ.).

28. Shvalev VN, Sosunov AA. Ul'trastrukturnye osnovy razvitiya nervnogo apparata serdtsa [Ultrastructural bases of the development of the cardiac nervous apparatus]. Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol. 1988; 94(1): 5–19. (In Russ.).

29. Shvalev VN, Sosunov AA. Etapnost' preobrazovaniya vegetativnoy nervnoy sistemy v ontogeneze [Stages of transformation of the autonomic nervous system in ontogenesis]. Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol. 1989; 96(5): 5–17. (In Russ.).

30. Shvalev VN., Sosunov AA, Guski G. Morfologicheskie osnovy innervatsii serdtsa [Morphological bases of cardiac innervation]. Moscow: Nauka; 1992. 336 p. (In Russ.).

31. Shvalev VN, Sosunov AA, Chelyshev YuA. Astrotsity i plastichnost' sinapsov. Chast' I. Sinaptogennye molekuly. [Astrocytes and synaptic plasticity. Part I. Synaptogenic molecules]. Nevrologicheskiy Vestnik. 2018; 50(2): 55-60. (In Russ.).

32. Shvalev VN, Sosunov AA, Chelyshev YuA. Astrotsity i plastichnost' sinapsov. Chast' II. Vnekletochnyi matriks i perineironal'naya set'. [Astrocytes and synaptic plasticity. Part II. Extracellular matrix and perineuronal nets]. Nevrologicheskiy Vestnik. 2018; 50(3): 38–43. (In Russ.).

33. Shvalev VN, Stropus RA. Mediatornyi etap funktsionirovaniya vegetativnoi nervnoi sistemy v pre- i postnatal'nom ontogeneze i znachenie ego issledovanii dlya kliniki. [The mediator stage of autonomic nervous system functioning in pre- and postnatal ontogenesis and the significance of its study for clinical practice]. Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol. 1979; 76(5): 5–20. (In Russ.).

34. Shvalev VN, Stropus RA, Morozov EK. Adrenergicheskaya i kholinergicheskaya innervatsiya serdtsa i sino-krotidnoi refleksogennoi zony cheloveka. [Adrenergic and cholinergic innervation of the heart and sinocarotid reflexogenic zone in humans]. Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol. 1978; 74(5): 19–26. (In Russ.).

35. Shvalev VN, Shuklin AV, Okhotin VE, Tarsky NA, Kargina-Terentieva RA, Novgorodov LS, et al. Vozrastnye adaptatsionnye preobrazovaniya nervnykh regulyatornykh mekhanizmov serdechno-sosudistoi i mochevydelitel'noi sistem cheloveka i nekotorykh zhivotnykh. [Age-related adaptive transformations of neural regulatory mechanisms in the cardiovascular and urinary systems of humans and some animals]. Morfologiia. 2008; 133(2): 154–155. (In Russ.).

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38. Shuklin AV, Shvalev VN. NO-sintaza vo vnutriserdechnykh gangliyakh cheloveka v norme i pri ishemii miokarda. [NO-synthase in human intracardiac ganglia in norm and in myocardial ischemia]. Morfologiya. 2006; 129(3): 34–36.

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40. Shvalev VN, Sosunov AA. Ultrastructure of cardiac ganglia in human fetuses. Z Mikrosk Anat Forsch. 1988; 102(3): 397–410.