Forms and Craniometric Indicators of the Entrance into Orbit and Orbital Fissures at Different Craniotypes

Abstract

At 52 skulls of different ages from the cranial collection of fundamental Museum of Human Anatomy Department of Azerbaijan Medical University were measured the standard dimensions of the orbit and facial skull (zygomatic diameter, upper width of the face, upper of face height, width and height of the orbit, the height and width of the upper and lower orbital fissure) . In adults, noted two extreme forms of entrance into the orbit: low and long, tall and short. Orbits with a low and a long entrance in the majority of cases were founded at dolichocephalic shape of skull. The orbit with high and short entrance more adequate form of brachycephalic skull. In all cases, at the europrozopic shape of the skull shape of entrance to the orbit has a rectangular shape. At leptoprozopic shape of skull entrance into the orbit have a round shape. Variability of the transverse dimension of the superior orbital fissure varies from 5.6% at orthognathous shape of the skull, to 9.8% at prognatnous shape. On the basis of quantitative features was given 5 variants of lower orbital fissure. The most common are broad and medium length, medium length and width, narrow and the medium length of the lower orbital fissure.