<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2019-8-3-26-34</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-952</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Радиационно-индуцированные изменения нуклеиновых кислот нейронов мозжечка</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Radiation-Induced Changes in the Nucleic Acids of Cerebellar Neurons</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гундарова</surname><given-names>О. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gundarova</surname><given-names>O. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гундарова Ольга Петровна </p><p>ул. Студенческая, 10, г. Воронеж, 394036</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga Gundarova Burdenko </p><p>ul. Studencheskaya, 10, Voronezh, 394036</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">episheva65@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Двурекова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dvurekova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федоров</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н. Н. Бурденко» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный институт физической культуры»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Voronezh State Institute of Physical Training</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>26</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гундарова О.П., Двурекова Е.А., Федоров В.П., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гундарова О.П., Двурекова Е.А., Федоров В.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gundarova O.P., Dvurekova E.A., Fedorov V.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/952">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/952</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель – исследование радиационно-индуцированных изменений нуклеиновых кислот нейронов коры мозжечка после воздействия малых доз ионизирующего излучения.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Исследование выполнено на 150 крысах-самцах в возрасте 4 мес. к началу эксперимента, подвергшихся однократному воздействию гамма-квантами 60Со в дозах от 0.1 до 1.0 Гр. Нейроморфологическими методиками оценивали морфометрические и тинкториальные показатели нейронов мозжечка, а также динамику нуклеиновых кислот в нейронах ганглионарного и зернистого слоев коры в течение всей продолжительности жизни животных. Статистическую обработку результатов проводили с помощью пакетов программ Statistika 6.1, использованием параметрических критериев, математическим моделированием и определением прогноза их развития.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У контрольных и облученных животных на протяжении всей жизни происходят волнообразные изменения содержания нуклеиновых кислот в нейронах мозжечка с постепенным уменьшением показателей к окончанию пострадиационного периода. При этом изменения ДНК в ядрах и РНК в ядрышках, как правило, связаны с изменениями их размеров, а изменения цитоплазматической РНК, видимо, связано с различнфми физиологическим состоянием нейронов (покоем, возбуждением, торможением). Регрессионный анализ показал, что облучение в изучаемых дозах оказывает на нейроморфологические показатели нелинейное стохастическое влияние, не имеет дозо-временной зависимости и не вызывает значимых органических изменений в нейронах мозжечка. В конце пострадиационного периода, когда наблюдается гибель как облученных, так и контрольных животных содержание нуклеиновых кислот в нейронах статистически значимо уменьшается во всех группах, причем в большей степени у облученных животных.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Значимых радиационно-индуцированных изменений содержания и топохимии продуктов гистохимических реакций при выявлении нуклеиновых кислот в структурах нейронов коры мозжечка не выявлено. Однако в конце эксперимента содержание нуклеиновых кислот в нейронах у облученных животных уменьшается в большей степени, чем у животных возрастного контроля (p&lt;0.05)</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of research was to study radiation-induced changes in nucleic acids of cerebellar cortex neurons after exposure to small doses of ionizing radiation.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study included 150 male rats aged 4 months at the beginning of the experiment that were subjected to a single exposure of 60Co γ-rays dosage 0.1–1.0 Gy. Neuromorphological methods evaluated morphometric and tinctorial parameters of cerebellar neurons, as well as the dynamics of nucleic acids in neurons of the ganglion and granular layers of the cortex over the entire life span of animals. The results were statistically processed using Statistika 6.1 software, parametric criteria, mathematical modeling, and defining the potential for their development.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The animals of the control and experimental groups manifested wave-like changes in the content of nucleic acids in the cerebellar neurons throughout their life with a gradual decrease in parameters by the end of the post-radiation period. Moreover, DNA changes in the nuclei and RNA changes in the nucleoli were typically associated with changes in their size; however, changes in the cytoplasmic RNA were apparently associated with different physiological conditions of neurons (rest, excitation, inhibition). Regression analysis showed that irradiation in the studied doses had a nonlinear stochastic effect on neuro-morphological parameters, revealed no dose-time dependence and did not cause significant organic changes in cerebellar neurons. At the end of the postradiation period, with the death of animals in both – experimental and control groups, the content of nucleic acids in neurons statistically significantly decreased in all groups, and this process was more pronounced in the group of irradiated animals.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. No significant radiation-induced changes were detected in the content and topochemistry of the products of histochemical reactions with the detection of nucleic acids in the structures of neurons of the cerebellar cortex. However, at the end of the experiment, the content of nucleic acids in neurons in irradiated animals decreased more significantly than in animals of age control (p &lt;0.05).</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>крысы</kwd><kwd>РНК</kwd><kwd>ДНК</kwd><kwd>кора мозжечка</kwd><kwd>нейроны</kwd><kwd>ионизирующее излучение</kwd><kwd>регрессионный анализ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rats</kwd><kwd>RNA</kwd><kwd>DNA</kwd><kwd>cerebellar cortex</kwd><kwd>neurons</kwd><kwd>radiation</kwd><kwd>ionizing</kwd><kwd>regression analysis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бирюков А.П., Котеров А.Н. Роль радиобиологии при оценке радиационного риска // Медико-биологические проблемы жизнедеятельности. 2010; 1: 25–30</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biryukov AP, Koterov AN. The role of radiobiology in the assessment of radiation risk // Medical and biological problems of life. 2010; 1: 25–30 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Газиев А.И. Фрагменты ДНК из гибнувших клеток можно рассматривать как мобильные генетические элементы, индуцирующие мутагенез // Актуальные проблемы радиобиологии и астробиологии. Генетические и эпигенетические эффекты ионизирующих излучений. Дубна, 2016: 13–4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gaziev AI. Fragmenty DNK iz gibnuvshikh kletok mozhno rassmatrivat' kak mobil'nye geneticheskie elementy, indutsiruyushchie mutagenez // Aktual'nye problemy radiobiologii i astrobiologii. Geneticheskie i epigeneticheskie effekty ioniziruyushchikh izluchenij. Dubna, 2016: 13–4 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Давыдов Б.И., Ушаков И.Б. Ионизирующие излучения и мозг: поведенческие и структурно-функциональные паттерны // Итоги науки и техники. Радиационная биология. М.: ВИНИТИ, 1987. 336</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davydov BI, Ushakov IB. Ioniziruyushchie izlucheniya i mozg: povedencheskie i strukturno-funkcional'nye pattern // Itogi nauki i tekhniki. Radiatsionnaya biologiya. Moscow: VINITI, 1987. 336 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Евдокимовский Э.В., Абдуллаев С.А., Митрошина И.Ю., Губина Н.Е. Облучение головного мозга влияет на число копий мтДНК и ее транскриптов в необлученных тканях мышей // Актуальные проблемы радиобиологии и астробиологии. Генетические и эпигенетические эффекты ионизирующих излучений. Дубна, 2016: 19–20</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Еvdokimovskij EV, Abdullaev SA, Mitroshina IYu, Gubina NЕ. Obluchenie golovnogo mozga vliyaet na chislo kopij mtDNK I ee transkriptov v neobluchennykh tkanyakh myshej // Aktual'nye problemy radiobiologii i astrobiologii. Geneticheskie i epigeneticheskie effekty ioniziruyushchikh izluchenij. Dubna, 2016: 19–20 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жижина Г.П., Заварыкина Т.М., Фаткуллина Л.Д., Голощапов А.Н., Бурлакова Е.Б. Действие малых доз ионизирующей радиации и фенозана на структуру ДНК и мембран клеток мышей // Актуальные проблемы радиобиологии и астробиологии. Генетические и эпигенетические эффекты ионизирующих излучений. Дубна, 2016: 20–3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhizhina GP, Zavarykina TM, Fatkullina LD, Goloshchapov AN, Burlakova ЕB. Dejstvie malykh doz ioniziruyushchej radiatsii i fenozana na strukturu DNK i membran kletok myshej // Aktual'nye problemy radiobiologii i astrobiologii. Geneticheskie i epigeneticheskie effekty ioniziruyushchikh izluchenij. Dubna, 2016: 20–3 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Котеров А.Н. Ограничения при распространении закономерностей для клеток in vitro на область радиационной медицины // Мед. радиология и радиац. безопасность. 2009; 54(5): 5–14</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koterov AN. Restrictions on the distribution of laws for cells in vitro in the field of radiation medicine // Med. radiology and radiation safety. 2009; 54(5): 5–14 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Котеров А.Н. Малые дозы и малые мощности доз ионизирующей радиации: регламентация диапазонов, критерии их формирования и реалии XXI века // Мед. радиология и радиац. безопасность. 2009; 54(3): 5–26</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koterov AN. Small doses and low power doses of ionizing radiation: regulation of ranges, criteria for their formation and the realities of the XXI century // Med. radiology and radiation safety. 2009; 54(3): 5–26 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рева А.Д. Ионизирующие излучения и нейрохимия. М.: Атомиздат, 1974: 240</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reva AD. Ioniziruyushchie izlucheniya i nejrokhimiya. Moscow: Atomizdat, 1974: 240 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ушаков И.Б., Федоров В.П., Гундарова О.П. Нейроморфологические корреляты малых радиационных воздействий // Мед.-биол. и соц.психол. пробл. безопасности в чрезв. ситуациях. 2016; 1: 71–8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ushakov IB., Fedorov VP., Gundarova OP. Neuromorphological correlates of small radiation effects // Medico-biological and socio-psychological problems of safety in emergency situations. 2016; 1: 71–8 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ушаков И.Б., Федоров В.П. Нейроморфологические корреляты пролонгированных радиационных воздействий // Мед.-биол. и соц.психол. пробл. безопасности в чрезв. ситуациях. 2018; 3: 85–95</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ushakov IB., Fedorov VP. Neuromorphological correlates of prolonged radiation exposure // Medico-biological and sociopsychological problems of safety in emergency situations. 2018; 3: 85–95 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федоров В.П., Ушаков И.Б., Федоров Н.В. Церебральные эффекты у ликвидаторов Чернобыльской аварии. Саарбрюккен: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2016: 390</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedorov VP, Ushakov IB, Fedorov NV. Cerebral effects in the liquidators of the Chernobyl accident. Saarbruecken: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2016: 390 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шуленина Л.В., Михайлов В.Ф., Рева Н.Ф. Содержание микроРНК и мРНК генов в периферической крови больных раком предстательной железы при формировании осложнений органов малого таза после лучевой терапии // Актуальные проблемы радиобиологии и астробиологии. Генетические и эпигенетические эффекты ионизирующих излучений. Дубна, 2016: 76–8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shulenina LV, Mikhajlov VF, Reva NF. Soderzhanie mikroRNK i mRNK genov v perifericheskoj krovi bol'nykh rakom predstatel'noj zhelezy pri formirovanii oslozhnenij organov malogo taza posle luchevoj terapii // Aktual'nye problemy radiobiologii i astrobiologii. Geneticheskie i epigeneticheskie effekty ioniziruyushchikh izluchenij. Dubna, 2016: 76–8 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Acharya SS, Fendler W, Watson J, Hamilton A, Pan Y, Gaudiano E, et al. Serum microRNAs are early indicators of survival after radiation-induced hematopoietic injury. Science Translational Medicine. 2015 May 13;7(287):287ra69-287ra69.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Acharya SS, Fendler W, Watson J, Hamilton A, Pan Y, Gaudiano E, et al. Serum microRNAs are early indicators of survival after radiation-induced hematopoietic injury. Science Translational Medicine. 2015 May 13;7(287):287ra69-287ra69.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goodhead DT. Fifth Warren K. Sinclair keynote address: issues in quantifying the effects of lowlevel radiation. Health Physics. 2009 Nov;97(5):394–406.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goodhead DT. Fifth Warren K. Sinclair keynote address: issues in quantifying the effects of lowlevel radiation. Health Physics. 2009 Nov;97(5):394–406.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guida MS, El-Aal AA, Kafafy Y, Salama SF, Badr BM, Badr G. Thymoquinone Rescues T Lymphocytes from Gamma Irradiation-Induced Apoptosis and Exhaustion by Modulating Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Levels and PD-1, Bax, and Bcl-2 Signaling. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry. 2016;38(2):786–800.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guida MS, El-Aal AA, Kafafy Y, Salama SF, Badr BM, Badr G. Thymoquinone Rescues T Lymphocytes from Gamma Irradiation-Induced Apoptosis and Exhaustion by Modulating Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Levels and PD-1, Bax, and Bcl-2 Signaling. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry. 2016;38(2):786–800.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jacob NK, Cooley JV, Yee TN, Jacob J, Alder H, Wickramasinghe P, et al. Identification of Sensitive Serum microRNA Biomarkers for Radiation Biodosimetry. Camphausen K, editor. PLoS ONE. 2013 Feb 25;8(2):e57603.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jacob NK, Cooley JV, Yee TN, Jacob J, Alder H, Wickramasinghe P, et al. Identification of Sensitive Serum microRNA Biomarkers for Radiation Biodosimetry. Camphausen K, editor. PLoS ONE. 2013 Feb 25;8(2):e57603.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuikka JT. Low-dose radiation risk and the linear no-threshold model. International Journal of Low Radiation. 2009;6(2):157. doi: 10.1504/ijlr.2009.028534</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuikka JT. Low-dose radiation risk and the linear no-threshold model. International Journal of Low Radiation. 2009;6(2):157. doi: 10.1504/ijlr.2009.028534</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marcus CS. Destroying the Linear No-threshold Basis for Radiation Regulation. Dose-Response. 2016 Oct 31;14(4):155932581667349. doi:10.1177/1559325816673491</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marcus CS. Destroying the Linear No-threshold Basis for Radiation Regulation. Dose-Response. 2016 Oct 31;14(4):155932581667349. doi:10.1177/1559325816673491</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mothersill C, Seymour C. Relevance of radiationinduced bystander effects for environmental risk assessment. Radiats Biol Radioecol. 2002;42(6): 585—7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mothersill C, Seymour C. Relevance of radiationinduced bystander effects for environmental risk assessment. Radiats Biol Radioecol. 2002;42(6): 585—7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prise KM, Schettino G, Vojnovic B, Belyakov O, Shao C. Microbeam Studies of the Bystander Response. Journal of Radiation Research. 2009;50(Suppl.A):A1–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prise KM, Schettino G, Vojnovic B, Belyakov O, Shao C. Microbeam Studies of the Bystander Response. Journal of Radiation Research. 2009;50(Suppl.A):A1–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prise KM. Studies of bystander effects in human fibroblasts using a charged particle microbeam. International Journal of Radiation Biology. 1998 Jan;74(6):793–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prise KM. Studies of bystander effects in human fibroblasts using a charged particle microbeam. International Journal of Radiation Biology. 1998 Jan;74(6):793–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sankaranarayanan K. Ionizing radiation and genetic risks II. Nature of radiation-induced mutations in experimental mammalian in vivo systems. Mutation Research/Reviews in Genetic Toxicology. 1991 Jul;258(1):51–73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sankaranarayanan K. Ionizing radiation and genetic risks II. Nature of radiation-induced mutations in experimental mammalian in vivo systems. Mutation Research/Reviews in Genetic Toxicology. 1991 Jul;258(1):51–73.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sahu A, Singhal U, Chinnaiyan AM. Long Noncoding RNAs in Cancer: From Function to Translation. Trends in Cancer. 2015; 1(2):93–109. doi: 10.1016/j.trecan.2015.08.010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sahu A, Singhal U, Chinnaiyan AM. Long Noncoding RNAs in Cancer: From Function to Translation. Trends in Cancer. 2015; 1(2):93–109. doi: 10.1016/j.trecan.2015.08.010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schettino G, Folkard M, Michael BD, Prise KM. Low-Dose Binary Behavior of Bystander Cell Killing after Microbeam Irradiation of a Single Cell with Focused CKX Rays. Radiation Research. 2005 Mar;163(3):332–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schettino G, Folkard M, Michael BD, Prise KM. Low-Dose Binary Behavior of Bystander Cell Killing after Microbeam Irradiation of a Single Cell with Focused CKX Rays. Radiation Research. 2005 Mar;163(3):332–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shaun N, Thomas B. Introduction to life and death. In: Apoptosis and cell cycle control in cancer. Basic mechanisms and implications for treating malignant disease. UK. BIOS Scientific publishers Ltd. 1996; 1–16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shaun N, Thomas B. Introduction to life and death. In: Apoptosis and cell cycle control in cancer. Basic mechanisms and implications for treating malignant disease. UK. BIOS Scientific publishers Ltd. 1996; 1–16.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scott BR, Potter CA. Stochastic Threshold Exponential (TE) Model for Hematopoietic Tissue Reconstitution Deficit after Radiation Damage. Dose-Response. 2014 Jan 10;12(3):doseresponse.1. doi: 10.2203/dose-response.13041.scott</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scott BR, Potter CA. Stochastic Threshold Exponential (TE) Model for Hematopoietic Tissue Reconstitution Deficit after Radiation Damage. Dose-Response. 2014 Jan 10;12(3):doseresponse.1. doi: 10.2203/dose-response.13041.scott</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tanooka H. Threshold dose problems in radiation carcinogenesis: a review of non-tumour doses. International Journal of Low Radiation. 2004;1(3):329. doi: 10.1504/ijlr.2004.005432</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tanooka H. Threshold dose problems in radiation carcinogenesis: a review of non-tumour doses. International Journal of Low Radiation. 2004;1(3):329. doi: 10.1504/ijlr.2004.005432</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trott KR., Rosemann M. Molecular mechanisms of radiation carcinogenesis and the linear, nonthreshold dose response model of radiation risk estimation. Radiation and Environmental Biophysics. 2000 Jun 16;39(2):79–87. doi: 10.1007/s004110000047</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trott KR., Rosemann M. Molecular mechanisms of radiation carcinogenesis and the linear, nonthreshold dose response model of radiation risk estimation. Radiation and Environmental Biophysics. 2000 Jun 16;39(2):79–87. doi: 10.1007/s004110000047</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">United Nations. UNSCEAR 2000. Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annex. G. Biological effects at low radiation doses. New York. 2000; 73–175.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">United Nations. UNSCEAR 2000. Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annex. G. Biological effects at low radiation doses. New York. 2000; 73–175.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">United Nations. UNSCEAR 2000. Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annex. Annex F. DNA repair and mutagenesis. United Nations. New York. 2000; 1–72.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">United Nations. UNSCEAR 2000. Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annex. Annex F. DNA repair and mutagenesis. United Nations. New York. 2000; 1–72.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">United Nations. UNSCEAR 2006. Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes. Annex A. Epidemiological studies of radiation and cancer. United Nations. New York. 2008; 17–322.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">United Nations. UNSCEAR 2006. Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes. Annex A. Epidemiological studies of radiation and cancer. United Nations. New York. 2008; 17–322.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">United Nations. UNSCEAR 2006. Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes. Annex C. Non-targeted and delayed effects of exposure to ionizing radiation. United Nations. New York. 2009; 1–79.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">United Nations. UNSCEAR 2006. Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes. Annex C. Non-targeted and delayed effects of exposure to ionizing radiation. United Nations. New York. 2009; 1–79.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
