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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2019-8-2-91-99</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-876</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДИКИ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности применения методов гистохимии и иммуногистохимии для выявления амилоидных бляшек в коре головного мозга человека</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Distinctive Features of Histochemical and Immunohistochemical Techniques for Amyloid Plaque Detection in the Human Cerebral Cortex</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусельникова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Guselnikova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гусельникова Валерия Владимировна</p><p>Ул. Академика Павлова, 12, Санкт-Петербург, 197376</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeriya Gusel'nikova</p><p>Ul. Akademika Pavlova, 12, Saint-Petersburg, 197376</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Guselnicova.Valeriia@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антипова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antipova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафрай</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Safray</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рукавишникова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rukavishnikova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коржевский</surname><given-names>Д. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korzhevskii</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ Институт экспериментальной медицины</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Experimental Medicine</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ Институт экспериментальной медицины; ФГБОУ ВО Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Experimental Medicine; Saint-Petersburg State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГКУЗ Ленинградской области Бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Leningrad Region Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise; Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГКУЗ Ленинградской области Бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы; ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова» Минздрава Россия</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Leningrad Region Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise; Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава Россия</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ Институт экспериментальной медицины; ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова» Минздрава Россия</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Experimental Medicine; Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>06</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>91</fpage><lpage>99</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гусельникова В.В., Антипова М.В., Федорова Е.А., Сафрай А.Е., Рукавишникова А.А., Михайлова Е.В., Коржевский Д.Э., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гусельникова В.В., Антипова М.В., Федорова Е.А., Сафрай А.Е., Рукавишникова А.А., Михайлова Е.В., Коржевский Д.Э.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Guselnikova V.V., Antipova M.V., Fedorova E.A., Safray A.E., Rukavishnikova A.A., Mikhailova E.V., Korzhevskii D.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/876">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/876</self-uri><abstract><p>Амилоидные (сенильные) бляшки - нерастворимые внеклеточные агрегаты Р-амилоидного пептида, которые формируются в головном мозге человека как в ходе нормального старения, так и при развитии старческой деменции альцгеймеровского типа.</p><p>Целью данной работы стало изучение особенностей выявления амилоидных бляшек в коре головного мозга пожилых людей методами гистохимии и иммуногистохимии.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Материалом для исследования служили образцы коры головного мозга людей обоих полов (79-98 лет, n = 23). Для гистохимического выявления амилоида применяли окраску Конго красным и альциановым синим. Для иммуногистохимической идентификации амилоидных бляшек использовали конформационно-специфические OC-антитела, для выявления астроцитов - антитела к глиальному фибриллярному кислому белку (GFAP). Для одновременного выявления амилоидных бляшек и астроцитов ставили двойную иммунофлуоресцентную реакцию OC/GFAP.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Показано, что применение классических гистохимических методик оказывается неэффективным для идентификации амилоидных бляшек в мозге пожилых людей, позволяя выявлять лишь единичные скопления амилоида. Иммуногистохимическая реакция с применением антител к кон-формационным эпитопам амилоидных фибрилл позволяет идентифицировать многочисленные амилоидные бляшки и изучать их морфологию. Иммуногистохимическая реакция на GFAP, являющийся маркерным белком астроцитов, также подходит для первичного анализа имеющихся образцов мозга на наличие или отсутствие амилоидный бляшек. Разработанный нами в рамках представленной работы протокол двойной иммунофлуоресцентной реакции OC/GFAP позволяет с высокой специфичностью выявлять одновременно и амилоидные бляшки, и астроциты. Это дает возможность изучать пространственную взаимосвязь данных элементов, а также строить зD-реконструкции, дающие наиболее полную информацию о структурных особенностях и взаимном расположении астроцитов и амилоидных бляшек.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Amyloid plaques (also known as senile plaques) are insoluble extracellular aggregates of the P-amyloid peptide that accumulate in the human brain under normal aging and Alzheimer disease.</p><p>The aim of this work was to study distinctive features of amyloid plaque detection in the cerebral cortex of the elderly with histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. This study included samples of brain cortex of humans, males and females, aged 79-98, n = 23. Histochemical detection of amyloid was performed using the Congo red and the sodium sulphate-Alcian Blue methods. Anti-amyloid fibrils OC antibodies were used for immunohistochemical identification of amyloid plaques, anti-GFAP antibodies were used for astrocyte detection, a double immunofluorescent OC/GFAP reaction was performed for simultaneous detection of amyloid plaques and astrocytes.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The study results have demonstrated that classical histochemical methods are not effective for identification of amyloid plaques in the human brain allowing detecting only isolated amyloid accumulations. Immunohistochemical reaction with application of anti-amyloid fibrils OC antibodies allows identifying numerous amyloid plaques and studying plaque morphology. Immunohistochemical reaction with application of GFAP, being an astrocyte marker protein, is also suitable for the primary analysis of the human brain samples for the presence or absence of amyloid plaques. The double OC/GFAP immunofluorescence protocol developed by the authors makes it possible to identify both amyloid plaques and astrocytes with high specificity, to further study their spatial relationship and to create 3D reconstructions giving comprehensive information about the structural features and spatial relationship of astrocytes and amyloid plaques.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>амилоид</kwd><kwd>амилоидные (сенильные) бляшки</kwd><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>Конго красный</kwd><kwd>альциановый синий</kwd><kwd>антитела к конформационным эпитопам амилоидных фибрилл (OC-антитела)</kwd><kwd>GFAP</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>amyloid</kwd><kwd>amyloid (senile) plaques</kwd><kwd>Alzheimer disease</kwd><kwd>the Congo red</kwd><kwd>the sodium sulphate-Alcian Blue</kwd><kwd>anti-amyloid fibrils OC antibodies</kwd><kwd>GFAP</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Григорьев И.П., Коржевский Д.Э. 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