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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2019-8-1-89-95</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-822</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Топографо-анатомические особенности позвоночного столба и спинного мозга у плодов человека 18–21 недели внутриутробного развития</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Topographic and Anatomical Features of the Human Vertebral Column and Spinal Cord at the 18–21 Weeks of Fetal Ontogenesis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаликова</surname><given-names>Л. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shalikova</surname><given-names>L. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шаликова Людмила ОлеговнаКафедра анатомии человека, </p><p> ул. Советская, 6, г. Оренбург, 460000, </p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ludmila ShalikovaDepartment of Human Anatomy, Orenburg </p><p> ul. Sovetskaya, 6, Orenburg, 460000, </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">l.o.shalikova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лященко</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Liashchenko</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галеева</surname><given-names>Э. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galeeva</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гулина</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gulina</surname><given-names>Y. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галиакбарова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galiakbarova</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исенгулова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Isengulova</surname><given-names>A. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Оренбургский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, г. Оренбург<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Orenburg State Medical University, Orenburg<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>04</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>89</fpage><lpage>95</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шаликова Л.О., Лященко Д.Н., Галеева Э.Н., Гулина Ю.В., Галиакбарова В.А., Исенгулова А.Ю., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шаликова Л.О., Лященко Д.Н., Галеева Э.Н., Гулина Ю.В., Галиакбарова В.А., Исенгулова А.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shalikova L.O., Liashchenko D.N., Galeeva E.N., Gulina Y.V., Galiakbarova V.A., Isengulova A.Y.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/822">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/822</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью исследования явилось изучение особенностей анатомии позвоночного столба и спинного мозга, а также их взаимоотношения на этапе промежуточного плодного периода онтогенеза.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Исследование проведено на секционном материале 20 плодов человека обоего пола 18–21 недели развития, полученных в результате прерывания беременности по социальным показаниям. В работе использовался комплекс морфологических методик – макромикроскопическое препарирование, изготовление разноплоскостных срезов по Н.И. Пирогову и серийных гистотопограмм с окраской по Ван Гизону.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В ходе работы было выявлено, что в исследуемом периоде онтогенеза длина позвоночного столба варьирует от 110±4.9 мм до 122±4.7 мм. Отмечается формирование изгибов позвоночника, наиболее часто встречается грудной кифоз (в 80% случаев). Установлено, что поперечный размер тела позвонка на всем протяжении позвоночного столба имеет большее значение, чем переднезадний. В шейных позвонках наблюдается асимметрия отверстий в поперечных отростках. Установлен характер изменения позвоночного канала, количественно описана динамика изменений. Проведена морфометрия спинного мозга в корреляции с позвоночным столбом. Наибольшая длина спинномозговых корешков была зафиксирована на уровне Sc5. В ходе исследования было выявлено, что развитие спинного мозга подвергается правилу билатеральной асимметрии, спинномозговые корешки одного и того же сегмента справа и слева не всегда располагаются симметрично и могут иметь разные значения длины.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Таким образом, полученные данные о количественной морфометрии и топографии позвоночного столба и спинного мозга в 18–21 недели онтогенеза человека могут служить анатомической основой развивающейся фетальной хирургии и диагностических методов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of study was to identify anatomical features of the vertebral column and spinal cord, as well as their relationships at the stage of the intermediate fetal period of ontogenesis.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The research included the study and analysis of the sectional material of 20 human fetuses of both genders at the 18–21 weeks of their development. The material was obtained as a result of abortion on social indications. The complex of morphological methods such as macro-microscopic preparation, N.I. Pirogov technique of preparations of variously-planared sections, preparation of series of histotopogrammes with van Gieson’s staining was used in the study.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The study has revealed that the length of the vertebral column varied from 110±4.9 mm to 122±4.7 mm in the investigated period of ontogenesis. The development of the vertebral column curvatures was observed; thoracic kyphosis being found most commonly (in 80% of cases). The transverse size of the vertebral body was larger than the anterior-posterior size of the vertebral column. There was an asymmetry of holes in the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae. The character of changes in the vertebral canal was defined, the dynamics of these changes was quantitatively described. The morphometry of the spinal cord was performed in correlation with the spinal column. The largest length of the spinal roots was registered at the level of Sc5. The study demonstrated that development of the spinal cord is subject to the rule of bilateral asymmetry: spinal roots of the same segment on the right and left sides are not always symmetrical and may have different length parameters.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Thus, the obtained data on quantitative morphometry and topography of the vertebral column and spinal cord at the 18–21 weeks of the human ontogenesis can be used as the anatomical basis for the developing fetal surgery and diagnostic methods.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>позвоночный столб</kwd><kwd>спинной мозг</kwd><kwd>анатомия</kwd><kwd>топография</kwd><kwd>фетальный период</kwd><kwd>онтогенез человека.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vertebral column</kwd><kwd>spinal cord</kwd><kwd>topography</kwd><kwd>anatomy</kwd><kwd>fetal period</kwd><kwd>human ontogenesis.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бурдей Г. Д. Спинной мозг. Саратов; 1984. 236 [Burdei GD. Spinnoi mozg. Saratov; 1984.236].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Бурдей Г. Д. Спинной мозг. Саратов; 1984. 236 [Burdei GD. Spinnoi mozg. 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