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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2019-8-1-25-30</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-812</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Морфофункциональные преобразования в легких крыс при длительном воздействии тетрабората натрия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphofunctional Transformations in the Lungs of Rats Under the Long-Term Exposure to Sodium Tetraborate</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахаева</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhaeva</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Умбетов</surname><given-names>Т. Ж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Umbetov</surname><given-names>T. Zh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егембердиева</surname><given-names>Р. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Egemberdieva</surname><given-names>R. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевлюк</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevlyuk</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шевлюк Николай НиколаевичКафедра гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии,</p><p> ул. Советская, 6, г. Оренбург, 460000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolai ShevlyukDepartment of Histology, Cytology and Embryology,</p><p> ul. Sovetskaya, 6, Orenburg, 460000 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k_histology@orgma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Западно-Казахстанский государственный медицинский университет им. Марата Оспанова, г. Актобе</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov State Medical University, Aktobe</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Оренбургский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, г. Оренбург</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Orenburg State Medical University, Orenburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>04</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ахаева А.Е., Умбетов Т.Ж., Егембердиева Р.Е., Шевлюк Н.Н., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ахаева А.Е., Умбетов Т.Ж., Егембердиева Р.Е., Шевлюк Н.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Akhaeva A.E., Umbetov T.Z., Egemberdieva R.E., Shevlyuk N.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/812">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/812</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью исследования явилось выявление реактивных и адаптационных изменений в легких крыс в условиях длительного воздействия тетрабората натрия.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Объектом исследования служили крысы-самцы, которым внутрибрюшинно ежедневно вводили тетраборат натрия в дозе 1/30 ЛД50. Материал для исследования (фрагменты легких) брали для гистологического исследования через 7, 14, 21 и 30 сут от начала эксперимента.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Длительное воздействие тетрабората натрия приводит к комплексу деструктивных изменений в воздухопроводящем и респираторном отделах легкого. На фоне отека, стаза форменных элементов крови в капиллярах, очаговой деструкции стенки капилляров наблюдается лейкоцитарная инфильтрация в соединительной ткани и эпителии стенки бронхов и альвеол, очаговая деструкция эпителия бронхов и альвеол, разрастание соединительной ткани в интерстиции органа. Выявлено утолщение стенки альвеолоцитов, а также разрастание и склерозирование соединительной ткани в межальвеолярных пространствах, что является морфологическим эквивалентом увеличения толщины аэрогематического барьера и ухудшения газообмена в альвеолах. В стенке средних бронхов отмечено увеличение доли бронхоассоциированной лимфоидной ткани, представленной преимущественно лимфоидной тканью диффузного характера и реже – лимфоидными фолликулами.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о негативном воздействии тетрабората натрия на структуры легких, а также указывают на адаптивные возможности легких, их способность сохранять необходимые структурно-функциональные свойства в условиях действия экстремальных дестабилизирующих факторов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to identify reactive and adaptive changes in the lungs of rats under the longterm exposure to sodium tetraborate.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study included male rats which were administered sodium tetraborate in dosage of 1/30 LD50, intraperitoneally, daily. The study samples (lung fragments) were selected for histological examination in 7, 14, 21 and 30 days from the beginning of the experiment.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Long-term exposure to sodium tetraborate resulted in a complex of destructive changes in the air-conducting and respiratory parts of the lung. Leukocyte infiltration in the connective tissue and epithelium of the bronchial and alveoli wall, focal destruction of the bronchial epithelium and alveoli, growth of the connective tissue in the organ interstitial were observed with underlying edema, stasis of blood corpuscles in capillaries, focal destruction of the capillary wall. The study revealed alveolocyte wall thickening and growth and sclerosing of the connective tissue in the interalveolar spaces; this appears to be the morphological equivalent of the increased thickness of the aero-hematic barrier and deterioration of the gas exchange in the alveoli. The increased proportion of the bronchi-associated lymphoid tissue mainly presented by the lymphoid tissue of the diffuse character and less rarely by the lymphoid follicles was registered in the wall of the medium bronchi.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The results have proven the negative impact of sodium tetraborate on lung structures and demonstrated the adaptive capacity of the lungs, their ability to maintain the necessary structural-functional characteristics under the extreme destabilizing factors effect.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>легкие</kwd><kwd>бронхи</kwd><kwd>легочные альвеолы</kwd><kwd>эпителий</kwd><kwd>соединительная ткань</kwd><kwd>капилляры</kwd><kwd>лимфоидная ткань</kwd><kwd>тетраборат натрия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lungs</kwd><kwd>bronchi</kwd><kwd>pulmonary alveoli</kwd><kwd>epithelium</kwd><kwd>connective tissue</kwd><kwd>capillaries</kwd><kwd>lymphoid tissue</kwd><kwd>sodium tetraborate.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вахитов Э. М., Лабутин И. В., Козлова А. Н., Безносик Р. В. 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