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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2018-7-4-67-74</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-745</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Структурно-функциональная реорганизация  ядрышкового аппарата нейронов неокортекса,  архикортекса и базальных ганглиев головного  мозга белых крыс после 20-минутной окклюзии  общих сонных артерий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Structural-functional  Reorganization  of  the  Nucleolar  Apparatus  of  Neurons  of  the  Neocortex,  Archicortex  and  Basal Ganglia of the Brain of White Rats After a 20-minute Occlusion of the Common Carotid Arteries</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Степанов Сергей Степанович – д-р мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>644099, г. Омск, ул. Ленина, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">serg_stepanov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акулинин</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akulinin</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Акулинин Виктор Александрович – д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>644099, г. Омск, ул. Ленина,12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akulinin@omsk-osma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеев</surname><given-names>Д. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeev</surname><given-names>D. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Авдеев Дмитрий Борисович – канд. ветеринар. наук, доцент кафедры безопасности жизнедеятельности, медицины катастроф</p><p>644099, г. Омск, ул. Ленина,12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avdeev86@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Степанов Александр Сергеевич – очный аспирант кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>644099, г.Омск, ул. Ленина,12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ctepan55@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбунова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbunova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горбунова Анна Владимировна – ординатор кафедры онкологии, лучевой терапии</p><p>644099, г. Омск, ул. Ленина,12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">double_energy@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Омский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Omsk State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>01</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>67</fpage><lpage>74</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Степанов С.С., Акулинин В.А., Авдеев Д.Б., Степанов А.С., Горбунова А.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Степанов С.С., Акулинин В.А., Авдеев Д.Б., Степанов А.С., Горбунова А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stepanov S.S., Akulinin V.A., Avdeev D.B., Stepanov A.S., Gorbunova A.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/745">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/745</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – изучение ядрышек и связанных с ними структур ядра нейронов головного мозга белых крыс в норме и после 20-минутной окклюзии общих сонных артерий.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. С помощью световой (окраска гематоксилином и эозином, по Нисслю), электронной (уранилацетат и цитрат свинца), флуоресцентной (DAPI) микроскопии и морфометрии были изучены структурные типы, тинкториальные свойства, количество, форма, размеры и распределение ядрышек нейронов неокортекса, гиппокампа и миндалевидного тела в контроле (ложнооперированные животные, n=5) и через 1, 3, 7, 14 и 30 сут (n=25) после острой ишемии.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Исследование показало, что в контроле во всех изученных отделах головного мозга преобладали нейроны с одним ядрышком (около 90%). В постишемическом периоде отмечалась значительная гетерогенность морфофункциональной активности ядрышек – истощение одних, активация и амплификация других. Через 1–7 сут после ишемии выявлялись зоны неокортекса, СА1 и СА3 гиппокампа с большой долей нейронов (до 40%), имеющих повышенное количество ядрышек. Наибольшее содержание таких нейронов отмечено в неокортексе и поле СА3 гиппокампа через 1 и 3 сут. Через 14 сут после ишемии количество ядрышек в нейронах восстанавливалось до уровня контроля и оставалось таковым через 30 сут.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Таким образом, после острой ишемии, вызванной 20-минутной окклюзией общих сонных артерий, выявлены качественные и количественные изменения ядрышек. В течение 7 сут после реперфузии происходил «адаптационно-репаративный сдвиг» в хромосомном балансе и повышалась активность имеющихся ядрышковых организаторов сохранившихся нейронов. Эти изменения мы относим к механизмам естественной защиты нервной ткани головного мозга в реперфузионном периоде.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of the study was devoted to the investigation of nucleoli and related structures of the nucleus of neurons in the brain of white rats in normal and after 20-minute occlusion of the common carotid arteries.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Structural types, tinctorial properties, number, shape, size and distribution of neuronal nuclei of the neocortex, hippocampus and amygdala in the control (falsely operated animals, n=5) and after 1, 3, 7, 14 and 30 days (n=25) after acute ischemia were studied by light (stained with hematoxilin and eosin, according to Nisl), electron (uranyl acetate and lead citrate), fluorescence (DAPI) and morphometry.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The study showed that neurons with one nucleolus (about 90%) prevailed in the control in all studied parts of the brain. In the postischemic period is marked by considerable heterogeneity of morphological and functional activity of nucleoli – depletion alone, activation and amplification of others. Neocortex, CA1 and CA3 zones of hippocampus with a large share of neurons (up to 40%) with an increased number of nucleoli were revealed after 1–7 days after ischemia. The highest content of such neurons was observed in the neocortex and CA3 field of the hippocampus after 1 and 3 days. 14 days after ischemia, the number of nucleoli in neurons was restored to the level of control and remained so after 30 days.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Thus, after acute ischemia caused by 20-minute occlusion of the common carotid arteries, qualitative and quantitative changes in nucleoli were revealed. Within 7 days after reperfusion, there was an "adaptive-reparative shift" in the chromosomal balance and the activity of the existing nucleolar organizers of the preserved neurons increased. These changes we refer to the mechanisms of natural protection of the nervous tissue of the brain in the reperfusion period.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острая  ишемия</kwd><kwd>неокортекс</kwd><kwd>гиппокамп</kwd><kwd>амигдала</kwd><kwd>нейроны</kwd><kwd>ядра</kwd><kwd>ядрышки</kwd><kwd>крысы  Wistar</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neocortex</kwd><kwd>hippocampus</kwd><kwd>amygdala</kwd><kwd>nuclei</kwd><kwd>nucleoli</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Фонд содействия инновациям, программа «УМНИК» №14 от 15.12.2017г.; внутренний грант ФГБОУ ВО «Омский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России №574 от 24.11.2017г.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бобров И. П., Лычева Н. А., Крючкова Н. Г. и др. 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