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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2018-7-2-103-109</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-639</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Тучные клетки как активный компонент процесса репарации ран</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mast Cells as an Active Component of Wound Repair Process</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аралова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aralova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Атякшин</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Atyakshin</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глухов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glukhov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чуян</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chuyan</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карапитьян</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karapit'yan</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н. Н. Бурденко» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Voronezh N. N. Burdenko State Medical University, Voronezh, Russia</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>103</fpage><lpage>109</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Аралова М.В., Атякшин Д.А., Глухов А.А., Андреев А.А., Чуян А.О., Карапитьян А.Р., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Аралова М.В., Атякшин Д.А., Глухов А.А., Андреев А.А., Чуян А.О., Карапитьян А.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aralova M.V., Atyakshin D.A., Glukhov A.A., Andreev A.A., Chuyan A.O., Karapit'yan A.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/639">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/639</self-uri><abstract><p>Успехи современной хирургии ран невозможны без понимания изменений межклеточных и клеточно-матриксных взаимодействий. В этой связи последние данные о роли тучных клеток (ТК) в различных патологических состояниях заслуживают особого внимания. ТК играют одну из ключевых ролей в репарации тканей. Максимальное их представительство обнаруживается в коже, слизистых оболочках органов дыхания, желудочно-кишечном тракте. ТК активируются сразу после повреждения кожи и участвуют во всех фазах раневого процесса. При повреждении тканей или неблагоприятном воздействии из ТК выделяется целый ряд воспалительных медиаторов, протеаз, факторов роста, которые запускают каскад реакций, в том числе воспалительный процесс. Сериновые протеазы эффективно ремоделируют элементы внеклеточного матрикса, что необходимо для перехода к следующей стадии заживления ран. Многофункциональность ТК проявляется высвобождением как провоспалительных, так и противоспалительных и иммуносупрессивных цитокинов, что является важным клиническим аспектом, поскольку неправильная тактика лечения способствует хронизации раневого процесса. Синтез коллагена фибробластами и ангиогенез являются результатом сложных молекулярно-клеточных событий с непосредственным участием ТК. На поздних стадиях раневого процесса во время реэпителизации их медиаторы могут стимулировать кератиноциты для восстановления эпидермального барьера. Изучение эффектов ТК при медленной регенерации, обусловленной сахарным диабетом, ишемией, денервацией тканей, нарушением микроциркуляции открывает перспективы в лечении длительно незаживающих ран при социально значимых заболеваниях. Таким образом, уже известные данные и дальнейшие фундаментальные исследования ТК позволяют рассматривать их в качестве биомаркера динамики и тяжести раневого процесса, и как мишень для регуляции раневого процесса на разных стадиях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The successes of modern surgery of wounds are impossible without understanding the changes in intercellular and cell-matrix interactions, in this connection the latest data on the role of mast cells in various pathological states deserve special attention. Mast cells play a key role in tissue repair. Their maximum representation is found in the skin, mucous membranes of the respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract. Mast cells are activated immediately after skin damage and are involved in all phases of the wound process. When tissue damage or adverse effects from mast cells are released, a whole arsenal of inflammatory mediators, proteases, growth factors that trigger a cascade of reactions, including the inflammatory process. Serine proteases efficiently remodel elements of the extracellular matrix, which is necessary for the transition to the next stage of wound healing. The multifunctionality of mast cells is manifested by the release of both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive cytokines, which is an important clinical aspect, since an incorrect treatment tactic contributes to the chronic wound process. Synthesis of collagen by fibroblasts and angiogenesis are the result of complex molecular-cell events with the direct involvement of mast cells. In the late stages of the wound process during re-epithelialization, their mediators can stimulate keratinocytes to restore the epidermal barrier. Studying the effects of mast cells with slow regeneration due to diabetes mellitus, ischemia, tissue denervation, and microcirculation disturbance opens up prospects in the treatment of long-term non-healing wounds with socially significant diseases. Thus, already known data and further fundamental studies of mast cells allow us to consider them as a biomarker of the dynamics and severity of the wound process, and as a target for regulating the wound process at different stages.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тучные клетки</kwd><kwd>раневой процесс</kwd><kwd>репарация тканей</kwd><kwd>mast cells</kwd><kwd>wound process</kwd><kwd>tissue repair</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеева Н. Т. Гистопланиметрическая характеристика асептического раневого процесса при различных методиках регионального воздействия. 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