<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2015-4-4-18-25</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-251</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ  СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>РАЗВИТИЕ ВНУТРИМОЗГОВЫХ СОСУДОВ И АРТЕРИОВЕНОЗНЫЕ МАЛЬФОРМАЦИИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Development of Intracerebral Vessels and Arteriovenous Malformations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каплунова</surname><given-names>Ольга Антониновна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaplunova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чаплыгина</surname><given-names>Елена Викторовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chaplygina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Домбровский</surname><given-names>Виктор Иосифович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dombrovskiy</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суханова</surname><given-names>Ольга Петровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukhanova</surname><given-names>O. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блинов</surname><given-names>Игорь Михайлович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blinov</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>18</fpage><lpage>25</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Каплунова О.А., Чаплыгина Е.В., Домбровский В.И., Суханова О.П., Блинов И.М., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Каплунова О.А., Чаплыгина Е.В., Домбровский В.И., Суханова О.П., Блинов И.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kaplunova O.A., Chaplygina E.V., Dombrovskiy V.I., Sukhanova O.P., Blinov I.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/251">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/251</self-uri><abstract><p>На основании изучения данных литературы уточнены основные этапы развития внутримозговых сосудов в антенатальном периоде развития. Нарушение процесса дифференцировки первичных капилляров на артерии и вены в головном мозге объясняет образование таких аномалий развития, как артериовенозные мальформации (АВМ). Сведения об АВМ систематизированы и дополнены собственными данными на основе спиральной компьютерной ангиографии сосудов мозга. Рассмотрены основные компоненты АВМ, типы артерий их кровоснабжающих, варианты оттока венозной крови, а также локализация и размеры. Таким образом, знание развития внутримозговых сосудов облегчает понимание механизма образования и анатомии АВМ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The main stages of intracerebral blood vessels development in the antenatal period are clarified on the study of the literature. Violation of the primary capillaries differentiation into arteries and veins in the brain explains the formation of such malformations as arteriovenous malformations (AVM). Information about AVM is systematized and expanded with data on the basis of spiral computed angiography of brain vessels. The main components of AVM, the types of the arteries supplying them, variants of the venous blood, as well as localization and size are studied. Thus, knowledge of the development of intracerebral blood vessels facilitates the understanding of the mechanism of formation and anatomy of the AVM.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эмбриональное развитие</kwd><kwd>аномалии развития внутримозговых сосудов</kwd><kwd>артериовенозные мальформации</kwd><kwd>мультиспиральная компьютерно-томографическая ангиография</kwd><kwd>embryonic development</kwd><kwd>intracranial vascular malformations</kwd><kwd>arteriovenous malformations</kwd><kwd>multilayer spiral computed tomography angiography</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вольф К.-Ю. Лучевая диагностика. Артерии и вены / К.-Ю. Вольф; пер. с англ.; под общ. ред. Т.В. Алекперовой. М.: МЕДпресс-информ. 2011. 320 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Вольф К.-Ю. Лучевая диагностика. Артерии и вены / К.-Ю. Вольф; пер. с англ.; под общ. ред. Т.В. Алекперовой. М.: МЕДпресс-информ. 2011. 320 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лучевая диагностика сосудистых мальформаций и артериальных аневризм головного мозга / Г.Е. Труфанов, Т.Е. Рамешвили, В.А. Фокин, Д.В. Свистов. СПб.: «ЭЛБИ СПб», 2005. 224 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Лучевая диагностика сосудистых мальформаций и артериальных аневризм головного мозга / Г.Е. Труфанов, Т.Е. Рамешвили, В.А. Фокин, Д.В. Свистов. СПб.: «ЭЛБИ СПб», 2005. 224 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Персистирующая тригеминальная артерия / Е.В. Чаплыгина [и др.] // Фундаментальные исследования. 2015. № 1. Ч. 8. С. 1730-1734.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Персистирующая тригеминальная артерия / Е.В. Чаплыгина [и др.] // Фундаментальные исследования. 2015. № 1. Ч. 8. С. 1730-1734.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пэттен Б. М. Эмбриологии человека / Б.М. Пэттен. М.: Медгиз. 1959. 552 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Пэттен Б. М. Эмбриологии человека / Б.М. Пэттен. М.: Медгиз. 1959. 552 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Развитие, аномалии и вариантная анатомия артерий головного мозга / Е.В. Чаплыгина [и др.] // Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии. 2015. Т. 4, № 2. С. 52-59.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Развитие, аномалии и вариантная анатомия артерий головного мозга / Е.В. Чаплыгина [и др.] // Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии. 2015. Т. 4, № 2. С. 52-59.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Самочерных К. А. Артериовенозные мальформации полушарий головного мозга у детей (вопросы диагностики и результаты хирургического лечения): автореф. дис. … канд. мед. наук / К.А. Самочерных. СПб., 2002. С. 22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Самочерных К. А. Артериовенозные мальформации полушарий головного мозга у детей (вопросы диагностики и результаты хирургического лечения): автореф. дис. … канд. мед. наук / К.А. Самочерных. СПб., 2002. С. 22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тодоров С. С. Мальформации сосудов головного мозга у детей раннего возраста (клинико-морфологическое исследование) / С.С.Тодоров // Нейрохирургия. 2010. №4. С. 41-45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Тодоров С. С. Мальформации сосудов головного мозга у детей раннего возраста (клинико-морфологическое исследование) / С.С.Тодоров // Нейрохирургия. 2010. №4. С. 41-45.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Урыков А. Д. Морфология артериовенозных мальформаций головного мозга / А.Д. Урыков // Современные технологии в медицине. 2011. №3. С. 116-117.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Урыков А. Д. Морфология артериовенозных мальформаций головного мозга / А.Д. Урыков // Современные технологии в медицине. 2011. №3. С. 116-117.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdulrauf S. I. Spontaneous angiographic obliteration of cerebral arteriovenous malformations / S.I. Abdulrauf, G.M. Malik, I.A. Awad // Neurosurgery. 1999. V.44, N. 2. P. 280-287.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abdulrauf S. I. Spontaneous angiographic obliteration of cerebral arteriovenous malformations / S.I. Abdulrauf, G.M. Malik, I.A. Awad // Neurosurgery. 1999. V.44, N. 2. P. 280-287.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allsopp G. Light and electron microscopic observations on the development of the blood vascular system of the human brain / G. Allsopp H.J. Gamble // J. Anat. 1979. V. 128. P. 461-477.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allsopp G. Light and electron microscopic observations on the development of the blood vascular system of the human brain / G. Allsopp H.J. Gamble // J. Anat. 1979. V. 128. P. 461-477.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bayer S. A. Atlas of human central nervous system development / S.A. Bayer, J. Altman. New York (NY): CRC Press Taylor and Francis Group. 2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bayer S. A. Atlas of human central nervous system development / S.A. Bayer, J. Altman. New York (NY): CRC Press Taylor and Francis Group. 2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carmeliet P. Mechanisms of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis / P. Carmeliet // Nat. Med. 2000. V. 6. P. 389-395.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carmeliet P. Mechanisms of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis / P. Carmeliet // Nat. Med. 2000. V. 6. P. 389-395.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Conway E. M. Molecular mechanisms of blood vessel growth / E.M. Conway, D. Collen, P. Carmeliet // Cardiovascular Res. 2001. V. 49. P. 507-521.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Conway E. M. Molecular mechanisms of blood vessel growth / E.M. Conway, D. Collen, P. Carmeliet // Cardiovascular Res. 2001. V. 49. P. 507-521.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Demographic, morphological and clinical characteristics of 1289 patients with brain arteriovenous malformation / C. Hofmeister [et al.] // Stroke. 2000. V. 31. P. 1307-1310.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Demographic, morphological and clinical characteristics of 1289 patients with brain arteriovenous malformation / C. Hofmeister [et al.] // Stroke. 2000. V. 31. P. 1307-1310.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Failure of blood-island formation and vasculogenesis in Flk-1-deficient mice / F. Shalaby [et al.] // Nature. 1995. V. 376, № 1. P. 62-65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Failure of blood-island formation and vasculogenesis in Flk-1-deficient mice / F. Shalaby [et al.] // Nature. 1995. V. 376, № 1. P. 62-65.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fleetwood I. G. Arteriovenous malformations / I.G. Fleetwood, G.K. Steinberg // Lancet. 2002. V. 359 (9309). P. 863-873.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fleetwood I. G. Arteriovenous malformations / I.G. Fleetwood, G.K. Steinberg // Lancet. 2002. V. 359 (9309). P. 863-873.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Incident hemorrahage risk of brain arteriovenous malformations located in the arterial border-zones / C. Stapf [et al.] // Stroke. 2000. V. 31. P. 2365-2368.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Incident hemorrahage risk of brain arteriovenous malformations located in the arterial border-zones / C. Stapf [et al.] // Stroke. 2000. V. 31. P. 2365-2368.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Incidental findings on brain magnetic resonance imaging: systematic review and meta-analyse / Z. Morris [et al.] // BMJ. 2009. 339. P. 3016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Incidental findings on brain magnetic resonance imaging: systematic review and meta-analyse / Z. Morris [et al.] // BMJ. 2009. 339. P. 3016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klosovskii B. N. Fundamental facts concerning the stages and principles of development of the brain and its response to noxious agents. Chapter 1. In: Haigh B., editor. The development of the brain and its disturbance by harmful factors. London: Pergamon Press; 1963. P. 3-43 [in Russian].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klosovskii B. N. Fundamental facts concerning the stages and principles of development of the brain and its response to noxious agents. Chapter 1. In: Haigh B., editor. The development of the brain and its disturbance by harmful factors. London: Pergamon Press; 1963. P. 3-43 [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kreigstein A. R. Patterns of neuronal migration in the embryonic cortex / A.R. Kreigstein, S.C. Noctor // Trends neurosci. 2004. V. 27. P. 392-393.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kreigstein A. R. Patterns of neuronal migration in the embryonic cortex / A.R. Kreigstein, S.C. Noctor // Trends neurosci. 2004. V. 27. P. 392-393.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuban K. C. Human telencephalic angiogenesis / K.C. Kuban, F.H. Gilles // Ann. Neurol. 1985. V.17. P. 1012-1021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuban K. C. Human telencephalic angiogenesis / K.C. Kuban, F.H. Gilles // Ann. Neurol. 1985. V.17. P. 1012-1021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lasjaunias P. A revised concept of the congenital nature of cerebral arteriovenous malformations / P. Lasjaunias // Interv. Neuroradiol. 1997. V.3. P. 275-281.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lasjaunias P. A revised concept of the congenital nature of cerebral arteriovenous malformations / P. Lasjaunias // Interv. Neuroradiol. 1997. V.3. P. 275-281.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malik G. M. Vascular Malformations (Arteriovenous Malformations and Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas). / G. M. Malik, S. S. Bhangoo. In: Principles of Neurological Surgery. 3rd ed. Chapter 14. 2012. P. 229-247.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malik G. M. Vascular Malformations (Arteriovenous Malformations and Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas). / G. M. Malik, S. S. Bhangoo. In: Principles of Neurological Surgery. 3rd ed. Chapter 14. 2012. P. 229-247.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mandybur T. I. Cerebral arteriovenous malformation. A detailed morphological and immunohistochemical study using actin / T.I. Mandybur, M. Nazek // Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 1990. V. 114, N. 9. P. 970-973.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mandybur T. I. Cerebral arteriovenous malformation. A detailed morphological and immunohistochemical study using actin / T.I. Mandybur, M. Nazek // Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 1990. V. 114, N. 9. P. 970-973.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marin-Padilla M. Early vascularization of the embryonic cerebral cortex: Golgi and electron microscopic studies / M. Marin-Padilla // J. Comp. Neurol. 1985. V. 241. P. 237-249.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marin-Padilla M. Early vascularization of the embryonic cerebral cortex: Golgi and electron microscopic studies / M. Marin-Padilla // J. Comp. Neurol. 1985. V. 241. P. 237-249.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Norman M. G. The growth and development of microvasculature in the human cerebral cortex / M.G. Norman, J.R. O?Kusky // J. Neoropathol. Exp. Neurol. 1986. V. 45. P. 222-232.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Norman M. G. The growth and development of microvasculature in the human cerebral cortex / M.G. Norman, J.R. O?Kusky // J. Neoropathol. Exp. Neurol. 1986. V. 45. P. 222-232.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perret G. Report on the cooperative study of intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Section VI. Arteriovenous malformations: an analysis of 545 cases of cranio-cerebral arteriovenous malformations and fistulae reported to the cooperative study / G. Perret, H. Nishioka // J. Neurosurg. 1966. V.25. P. 467-490.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perret G. Report on the cooperative study of intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Section VI. Arteriovenous malformations: an analysis of 545 cases of cranio-cerebral arteriovenous malformations and fistulae reported to the cooperative study / G. Perret, H. Nishioka // J. Neurosurg. 1966. V.25. P. 467-490.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prevalence of adults with brain arteriovenous malformations: a community based study in Scotland using capture-recapture analysis / R. Al-Shahi [et al.] // J. Neurol. Neusurg. Psychiatry. 2002. V. 73, N. 5. P. 547-551.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prevalence of adults with brain arteriovenous malformations: a community based study in Scotland using capture-recapture analysis / R. Al-Shahi [et al.] // J. Neurol. Neusurg. Psychiatry. 2002. V. 73, N. 5. P. 547-551.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raybaud C. Normal and abnormal embryology and development of the intracranial vascular system / C. Raybaud // Neusurg. Clin. N. Am. 2010. V. 21, N. 3. P. 399-426.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raybaud C. Normal and abnormal embryology and development of the intracranial vascular system / C. Raybaud // Neusurg. Clin. N. Am. 2010. V. 21, N. 3. P. 399-426.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spetzler R. F. A proposed grading system for arteriovenous malformations / R.F. Spetzler, N.A. Martin // J. Neurosurg. 1986. V. 65, N. 4. P. 476-483.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spetzler R. F. A proposed grading system for arteriovenous malformations / R.F. Spetzler, N.A. Martin // J. Neurosurg. 1986. V. 65, N. 4. P. 476-483.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spontaneous obliteration of pial arteriovenous malformations: a review of 27 cases / M.C. Patel [et al.] // AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2001. V.22. P. 531-536.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spontaneous obliteration of pial arteriovenous malformations: a review of 27 cases / M.C. Patel [et al.] // AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2001. V.22. P. 531-536.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spontaneous occlusion of a cerebral arteriovenous malformation: angiography and MR imaging follow-up and review of the literature / H. Krapf [et al.] // Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2001. V. 22, № 9. P. 1556-1560.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spontaneous occlusion of a cerebral arteriovenous malformation: angiography and MR imaging follow-up and review of the literature / H. Krapf [et al.] // Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2001. V. 22, № 9. P. 1556-1560.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The ARUBA Trial: current status, future hopes / J.P. Mohr [et al.] // Stroke. 2010. V. 41. P. 537-540.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The ARUBA Trial: current status, future hopes / J.P. Mohr [et al.] // Stroke. 2010. V. 41. P. 537-540.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The diagnosis and Management of brain arteriovenous malformations / R.L. Novakovic, V.A. Lazzaro, A.C. Castonquay, O.O. Zaidat // Neuro.l Clin. 2013. V. 31. P. 749-763.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The diagnosis and Management of brain arteriovenous malformations / R.L. Novakovic, V.A. Lazzaro, A.C. Castonquay, O.O. Zaidat // Neuro.l Clin. 2013. V. 31. P. 749-763.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vascular development: from precursor cells to branched arterial and venous networks / A. Eichmann [et al.] // Int. J. Dev. Biol. 2005. V. 49. P. 259-267.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vascular development: from precursor cells to branched arterial and venous networks / A. Eichmann [et al.] // Int. J. Dev. Biol. 2005. V. 49. P. 259-267.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
