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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2026-15-2-83-90</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-2260</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH  METHODS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Метод выявления интраваскулярной инвазии при раке молочной железы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Detection Method for Intravascular Invasion in Breast Cancer</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мнихович</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mnikhovich</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мнихович Максим Валерьевич – канд. мед. наук, доцент, ведущий научн. сотр. центральной патологоанатомической лаборатории НИИ морфологии человека им. акад. А.П. Авцына; зав. кафедрой нормальной анатомии человека</p><p>ул. Цюрупы, 3, Москва, 117418</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim V. Mnikhovich – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, leading researcher of Central pathoanatomical laboratory of A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology; Head of the Department of Normal Human Anatomy of B.V. Petrovsky Medical University</p><p>ul. Tsyurupy, 3, Moscow, 117418</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mnichmaxim@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7792-1594</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Безуглова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bezuglova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Безуглова Татьяна Васильевна – канд. биол. наук, ведущий научн. сотр. центральной патологоанатомической лаборатории НИИ морфологии человека им. акад. А.П. Авцына</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tat'yana V. Bezuglova – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), leading researcher of A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">morfolhum@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2949-1432</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ерофеева</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Erofeeva</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ерофеева Людмила Михайловна – д-р. биол. наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник Научно-исследовательского института морфологии человека им. акад. А.П. Авцына</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila M. Erofeeva – Doct. Sci. (Biol.), Professor, leading researcher of Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gystology@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5947-1523</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ширипенко</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shiripenko</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ширипенко Иван Александрович – ассистент кафедры нормальной анатомии человека Медицинского университета им. Б.В. Петровского; младший научный сотрудник центральной патологоанатомической лаборатории НИИ морфологии человека им. акад. А.П. Авцына</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan A. Shiripenko – Teaching Assistant at the Department of Normal Human Anatomy of B.V. Petrovsky Medical University; Junior Research Fellow of Central pathoanatomical laboratory of A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1102-1133</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лозина</surname><given-names>М В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lozina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лозина Милена Владиславовна – ассистент кафедры нормальной анатомии человека Медицинского университета им. Б.В. Петровского; младший научный сотрудник музейно-коллекционной группы НИИ морфологии человека им. акад. А.П. Авцына</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Milena V. Lozina – Teaching Assistant at the Department of Normal Human Anatomy of B.V. Petrovsky Medical University; Junior Research Fellow of the museum and collection group A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4046-5660</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Али</surname><given-names>Аль-Али</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ali</surname><given-names>Al'-Ali</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аль-Али Али </p><p>Ульяновск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Al'-Ali Ali – Doct. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>Ulyanovsk</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9542-8701</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соколов Дмитрий Александрович – канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры нормальной анатомии человека</p><p>Москва; Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii A. Sokolov – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of Human Anatomy Department</p><p>Moscow; Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cingulum@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский научный центр хирургии им. акад. Б.В. Петровского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ульяновский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ulyanovsk State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский научный центр хирургии им. акад. Б.В. Петровского; Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.Н. Бурденко</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery; N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>83</fpage><lpage>90</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мнихович М.В., Безуглова Т.В., Ерофеева Л.М., Ширипенко И.А., Лозина М.В., Али А., Соколов Д.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мнихович М.В., Безуглова Т.В., Ерофеева Л.М., Ширипенко И.А., Лозина М.В., Али А., Соколов Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mnikhovich M.V., Bezuglova T.V., Erofeeva L.M., Shiripenko I.A., Lozina M.V., Ali A., Sokolov D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2260">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2260</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящей работе рассматривается проблема пери- и интраваскулярной инвазии при инвазивном протоковом раке молочной железы неспецифического типа. Предложен метод выявления интраваскулярной инвазии при раке молочной железы, что способствует более надежной оценке риска прогрессирования роста опухоли. Данный феномен, ассоциированный с гематогенным метастазированием, в том числе в головной мозг и кости, в настоящее время часто недооценивается при рутинной патологоанатомической диагностике из-за ограничений стандартной световой микроскопии.</p><p>Цель исследования – разработка патологоанатомического диагностического метода выявления периваскулярной и интраваскулярной опухолевой инвазии в протоковом раке молочной железы неспецифического типа (IC NST).</p><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Метод включает два этапа. На первом этапе проводят гистологическую диагностику при окраске препаратов гематоксилином и эозином, после чего определяют наличие или отсутствие опухолевых клеток в просвете кровеносных сосудов. Затем на втором этапе проводят иммуногистохимическое исследование c антителами к CD 31 – маркеру эндотелия кровеносных сосудов и антителами АЕ1/АЕ3 к панцитокератину, которые окрашивают клетки кровеносных сосудов и клетки опухоли в отличающиеся друг от друга цвета (метод двойной метки). Затем определяют наличие клеток опухоли в просвете кровеносных сосудов. Если на любом из этапов установлено наличие интраваскулярной инвазии, то существует высокая степень вероятности прогрессирования роста опухоли. Если на двух этапах установлено отсутствие интраваскулярной инвазии, то это оценивается как низкая степень вероятности прогрессирования роста опухоли. Выявление интраваскулярной инвазии коррелировало с неблагоприятным прогнозом и служило основанием для назначения неоадъювантной химиотерапии и расширения объема лимфодиссекции.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Предложенный подход позволяет более точно стратифицировать пациенток по группам риска, в том числе при отрицательном статусе лимфатических узлов, и оптимизировать тактику лечения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper addresses the problem of peri- and intravascular invasion in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, not otherwise specified. A method for detecting intravascular invasion in breast cancer is proposed, which contributes to a more reliable assessment of the risk of tumor progression. This phenomenon, associated with hematogenous dissemination, including metastases to the brain nd bones, is frequently underrecognized in routine histopathological examination owing to the limitations of conventional light microscopy.</p><p>The aim of the study was a development of a pathological diagnostic method for detecting perivascular and intravascular tumor invasion in invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (IC NST).</p><p>Results. The method consists of two stages. In the first stage, histological diagnosis is performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining, after which the presence or absence of tumor cells in the lumen of blood vessels is determined. Then, in the second stage, an immunohistochemical study is carried out using antibodies to CD31 — a marker of blood vessel endothelium — and AE1/AE3 antibodies to pan-cytokeratin, which stain blood vessel cells and tumor cells in different colors (double staining method). The presence of tumor cells in the lumen of blood vessels is then determined. If intravascular invasion is identified at either stage, there is a high probability of tumor progression. If the absence of intravascular invasion is established at both stages, this is assessed as a low probability of tumor progression. The detection of intravascular invasion correlated with an unfavorable prognosis and served as the basis for prescribing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and expanding the extent of lymph node dissection. Conclusion. The proposed approach allows for more accurate stratification of patients into risk groups, including those with negative lymph node status, and for optimization of treatment strategy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>интраваскулярная инвазия</kwd><kwd>периваскулярная инвазия</kwd><kwd>прогностический фактор</kwd><kwd>опухолевая прогрессия</kwd><kwd>протоковый рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>цитокератины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>intravascular invasion</kwd><kwd>perivascular invasion</kwd><kwd>prognostic factor</kwd><kwd>tumor progression</kwd><kwd>ductal breast cancer</kwd><kwd>cytokeratins</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания НИИ морфологии человека им. акад. А.П. Авцына ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского» (№ 122032100086-3).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the study was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery (No. 122032100086-3).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кушлинский Н.Е., Тимофеев Ю.С., Герштейн Е.С., Соловьев Ю.Н. Клинические перспективы исследования компонентов системы RANK/RANKL/OPG при первичных и метастатических опухолях костей. Вопросы онкологии. 2014;60(4):414–422.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kushlinsky NE, Timofeev YuS, Gershtein ES, Soloviev YuN. 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