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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2026-15-2-64-74</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-2258</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные возможности прижизненной позиционной топографической анатомии человека</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Capabilities of in vivo Positional Topographic Human Anatomy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2452-0321</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трунин</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trunin</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трунин Евгений Михайлович – д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой оперативной и клинической хирургии с топографической анатомией им. С.А. Симбирцева</p><p>Пискарёвский проспект, 47И, Санкт-Петербург, 195067</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenii M. Trunin – Doct. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of S.A. Simbirtsev Department of Operative and Clinical Surgery with Topographic Anatomy</p><p>Piskarevskii prospekt, 47И, St. Petersburg, 195067</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">trunin@szgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9599-3935</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Татаркин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tatarkin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татаркин Владислав Владимирович – канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры оперативной и клинической хирургии с топографической анатомией им. С.А. Симбирцева</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladislav V. Tatarkin – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor at the S.A. Simbirtsev Department of Operative and Clinical Surgery with Topographic Anatomy</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladislav.tatarkin@szgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9535-4503</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Старчик</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Starchik</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Старчик Дмитрий Анатольевич – д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой морфологии человека</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii A. Starchik – Doct. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of Human Morphology Department</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmitrii.Starchik@szgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1273-0356</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дыдыкин</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dydykin</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дыдыкин Сергей Сергеевич – д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой оперативной хирургии и топографической анатомии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei S. Dydykin – Doct. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy Department</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dydykin_s_s@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3541-6068</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>Ю. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasil'ev</surname><given-names>Yu. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Васильев Юрий Леонидович – д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры оперативной хирургии и топографической анатомии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yurii L. Vasil'ev – Doct. Sci. (Med.), Professor at the Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy Department</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vasilev_yu_l@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9843-9868</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мовчан</surname><given-names>К. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Movchan</surname><given-names>K. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мовчан Константин Николаевич – д-р мед. наук, профессор, начальник отдела по организации экспертизы качества медицинской помощи</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin N. Movchan – Doct. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department for Organizing Expertise in the Quality of Medical Care</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">movchanK@spbmiac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6427-4295</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щеголев</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchegolev</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Щеголев Андрей Игоревич – канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры оперативной и клинической хирургии с топографической анатомией им. С.А. Симбирцева</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei I. Shchegolev – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor at the S.A. Simbirtsev Department of Operative and Clinical Surgery with Topographic Anatomy</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cyonic@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3389-5026</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бакунов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakunov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бакунов Александр Михайлович – врач-хирург</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr M. Bakunov – surgeon</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sanka-86@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлев</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovlev</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яковлев Владимир Артемович – студент</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Yakovlev – student</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">myvibe13@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стецик</surname><given-names>Е. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stetsik</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стецик Егор Олегович – лаборант кафедры оперативной и клинической хирургии с топографической анатомией им. С.А. Симбирцева</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Egor O. Stetsik – laboratory assistant at the S.A. Simbirtsev Department of Operative and Clinical Surgery with Topographic Anatomy</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">egorst2564@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4993-4499</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никулин</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikulin</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никулин Степан Юрьевич – студент</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stepan Yu. Nikulin – student</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stepan-nikulin_2003@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова; Елизаветинская больница</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.I. MechnikovNorth-Western State Medical University; Elizavetinskaya Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.I. MechnikovNorth-Western State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>First I.M. Sechenov Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова; Медицинский информационно-аналитический центр</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.I. MechnikovNorth-Western State Medical University; Medical Information and Analytical Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова; Городская больница №40 Курортного района</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.I. MechnikovNorth-Western State Medical University; City Hospital No. 40 of Kurortny District</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Елизаветинская больница</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Elizavetinskaya Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>74</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Трунин Е.М., Татаркин В.В., Старчик Д.А., Дыдыкин С.С., Васильев Ю.Л., Мовчан К.Н., Щеголев А.И., Бакунов А.М., Яковлев В.А., Стецик Е.О., Никулин С.Ю., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Трунин Е.М., Татаркин В.В., Старчик Д.А., Дыдыкин С.С., Васильев Ю.Л., Мовчан К.Н., Щеголев А.И., Бакунов А.М., Яковлев В.А., Стецик Е.О., Никулин С.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Trunin E.M., Tatarkin V.V., Starchik D.A., Dydykin S.S., Vasil'ev Y.L., Movchan K.N., Shchegolev A.I., Bakunov A.M., Yakovlev V.A., Stetsik E.O., Nikulin S.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2258">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2258</self-uri><abstract><p>Традиционно анатомия человека изучает форму и строение тела в стандартном анатомическом положении, которое может не быть физиологически релевантным и не отвечает практическим потребностям медицинских специалистов. В предлагаемой статье представлен новый подход к прижизненному изучению позиционной топографической анатомии человека, учитывающий изменения положения анатомических структур в зависимости от положения тела. Этот подход опирается на фундаментальные работы Леонардо да Винчи и выдающихся отечественных ученых (Н.А. Бернштейн), исследовавших движение человека с анатомической и биомеханической позиций. Современные методы лучевых исследований, такие как мультиспиральная компьютерная томография и магнитно-резонансная томография, позволяют визуализировать анатомические структуры у живых субъектов в различных положениях тела, предоставляя объективные сведения для понимания трехмерной анатомии, планирования различных этапов хирургических вмешательств, особенно минимально инвазивных. Исследования верхней конечности и шеи демонстрируют актуальность дальнейшей разработки прижизненной позиционной топографической анатомии. Понимание механизмов и выявление закономерностей смещения анатомических структур при изменении положения тела, позволяет оптимизировать хирургические манипуляции, минимизировать риски ятрогении и, в конечном итоге, улучшать результаты лечения пациентов. В частности, сочетание виртуального хирургического планирования с трехмерными моделями и технологий дополненной реальности для визуализации глубоких компартментов шеи открывает принципиально новые возможности для минимально инвазивной и онкохирургии в области головы и шеи. Предварительные исследования указывают на существенные различия между морфологическими данными, полученными в стандартном анатомическом положении и в различных физиологических позициях частей тела. Таким образом, прижизненная позиционная топографическая анатомия, которая получила новый импульс, благодаря современным методам прижизненной визуализации анатомических объектов, представляется принципиально новым и практически важным направлением изучения анатомии человека, которое в ближайшем будущем поможет решать широкий спектр прикладных медицинских задач.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Traditionally, human anatomy studies the form and structure of the body in the standard anatomical position, which may not be physiologically relevant and does not meet the practical needs of medical specialists. This article presents a new approach to the in vivo study of positional topographic human anatomy, which takes into account changes in the position of anatomical structures depending on body posture. This approach is based on the foundational work of Leonardo da Vinci and prominent Russian scientists (N.A. Bernstein), who studied human movement from anatomical and biomechanical perspectives. Modern imaging methods, such as multislice computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, make it possible to visualize anatomical structures in living subjects in various body positions, providing objective data for understanding three-dimensional anatomy and planning various stages of surgical interventions, especially minimally invasive ones. Studies of the upper limb and neck demonstrate the relevance of further development of in vivo positional topographic anatomy. Understanding the mechanisms and identifying patterns of displacement of anatomical structures with changes in body position allow for optimization of surgical manipulations, minimization of the risks of iatrogenesis, and ultimately improvement of patient outcomes. In particular, the combination of virtual surgical planning with three-dimensional models and augmented reality technologies for visualizing the deep compartments of the neck opens up fundamentally new possibilities for minimally invasive surgery and oncological surgery in the head and neck region. Preliminary studies indicate significant differences between morphological data obtained in the standard anatomical position and in various physiological positions of body parts. Thus, in vivo positional topographic anatomy, which has gained new momentum thanks to modern methods of in vivo visualization of anatomical structures, appears to be a fundamentally new and practically important direction in the study of human anatomy, one that will help solve a wide range of applied medical problems in the near future.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>топографическая анатомия</kwd><kwd>позиционная анатомия</kwd><kwd>клиническая анатомия</kwd><kwd>региональная анатомия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>topographic anatomy</kwd><kwd>positional anatomy</kwd><kwd>clinical anatomy</kwd><kwd>regional anatomy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бабич А.И., Казанцева Е.В. Топографоанатомические особенности шеи и щитовидной железы. 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