anatomyЖурнал анатомии и гистопатологииJournal of Anatomy and Histopathology2225-7357N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University10.18499/2225-7357-2026-15-1-95-104anatomy-2224Research ArticleОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИREVIEW ARTICLESСвойства тканенеспецифической щелочной фосфатазы семенников млекопитающихProperties of Tissue-Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase from Mammalian Testeshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9672-7145ПономаренкоЕ. А.PonomarenkoE. A.

Пономаренко Елена Алексеевна – канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммуноморфологии воспаления НИИ морфологии человека им. акад. А.П. Авцына

пер. Абрикосовский, 2, Москва, 119991

 

Elena A. Ponomarenko – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher of Inflammatory Immunomorphology Laboratory, Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology 

per. Abrikosovskii, 2, Moscow, 119991

ponomarenkoea75@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4427-1991МхитаровВ. А.MkhitarovV. A.

Мхитаров Владимир Аршакович – канд. биол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории иммуноморфологии воспаления НИИ морфологии человека им. акад. А.П. Авцына

Москва

Vladimir A. Mkhitarov – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Leading Researcher of Inflammatory Immunomorphology Laboratory, Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology 

Moscow

mkhitarov@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1014-752XАртемьеваК. А.Artem'evaК. A.

Артемьева Ксения Александровна – канд. мед. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории патологии репродукции НИИ морфологии человека им. акад. А.П. Авцына

Москва

Kseniya A. Artem'eva – Cand. Sci (Med.), Leading Researcher of Reproductive Pathology Laboratory, Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology 

Moscow

sunset_whitch@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9861-1878КузнецоваЕ. В.KuznetsovaE. V.

Кузнецова Екатерина Владимировна – канд. биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории патологии репродукции НИИ морфологии человека им. акад. А.П. Авцына

Москва

Ekaterina V. Kuznetsova – Cand. Sci (Biol.), Senior Researcher of Reproductive Pathology Laboratory, Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology 

Moscow

kuznetsovaekvl@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7468-7015ГоуфманЕ. И.GoufmanE. I.

Гоуфман Евгений Иосифович – канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории патологии репродукции НИИ морфологии человека им. акад. А.П. Авцына

Москва

Evgenii I. Goufman – Cand. Sci (Med.), Senior Researcher of Reproductive Pathology Laboratory, Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology 

Moscow

eugene_goufman@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3517-505XЛопуховА. В.LopukhovA. V.

Лопухов Антон Владимирович – канд. хим. наук, доцент кафедры химической энзимологии

Москва

Anton V. Lopukhov – Cand. Sci (Chem.), Associate Professor of the Department of Chemical Enzymology

Moscow

lopukhov@enzyme.chem.msu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9357-8236КлячкоН. Л.KlyachkoN. L.

Клячко Наталья Львовна – д-р. хим. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой химической энзимологии

Москва

Natalia L. Klyachko – Doct. Sci (Chem.), Professor, Head of the Department of Chemical Enzymology

 

klyachko@enzyme.chem.msu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8581-107XМакароваО. В.MakarovaO. V.

Макарова Ольга Васильевна – д-р. мед. наук, профессор, зав. лабораторией иммуноморфологии воспаления НИИ морфологии человека им. акад. А.П. Авцына

Москва

Ol'ga V. Makarova – Doct. Sci (Med.), Professor, Head of of Inflammatory Immunomorphology Laboratory, Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology 

Moscow

makarov.olga2013@yandex.ruРоссийский научный центр хирургии им.акад. Б.В. ПетровскогоРоссияPetrovsky National Research Center of SurgeryRussian FederationМосковский государственный университет им. М.В. ЛомоносоваРоссияLomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian Federation20260704202615195104Copyright © Пономаренко Е.А., Мхитаров В.А., Артемьева К.А., Кузнецова Е.В., Гоуфман Е.И., Лопухов А.В., Клячко Н.Л., Макарова О.В., 20262026Пономаренко Е.А., Мхитаров В.А., Артемьева К.А., Кузнецова Е.В., Гоуфман Е.И., Лопухов А.В., Клячко Н.Л., Макарова О.В.Ponomarenko E.A., Mkhitarov V.A., Artem'eva К.A., Kuznetsova E.V., Goufman E.I., Lopukhov A.V., Klyachko N.L., Makarova O.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2224

Ферментативные системы живых организмов катализируют биохимические реакции и являются важным компонентом функционирования органов и систем. Щелочная фосфатаза (ЩФ) локализована на плазматических мембранах клеток и катализирует гидролиз фосфоэфирной связи. Этот фермент обнаружен в печени, костях, почках, кишечнике, плаценте и во многих других органах и тканях. Уровни активности ЩФ могут изменяться при различных заболеваниях. Несмотря на универсальность механизма действия, функция ЩФ изучена недостаточно. Приведена характеристика изоферментов ЩФ как тканенеспецифической, так и тканеспецифических: кишечной, зародышевой, плацентарной. Выполнен анализ литературных данных по изучению функции тканенеспецифической ЩФ в кальцификации костей, в накоплении клетками жировой ткани триглицеридов, в эмбриональном развитии и при сперматогенезе. В обзоре представлен анализ данных о локализации ЩФ в семенниках млекопитающих. ЩФ выявлена в перитубулярных клетках семенных канальцев, в сперматогониях. Слабая реактивность на ЩФ была в клетках Сертоли. Фермент имеет видовую специфичность: его обнаружили в семенниках крыс, мышей, собак, морских свинок и яичках человека. У хомяков, кроликов, летучих мышей ЩФ нет. Охарактеризована молекулярная структура ЩФ и ее свойства по отношению к стандартным ингибиторам. Однако влияние фермента на дифференцировку первичных половых клеток, на созревание клеток сперматогенеза в семенниках млекопитающих не изучено. Необходимо проведение дальнейших исследований по установлению роли ЩФ в физиологии клеток и тканей репродуктивной системы, включая мейоз половых клеток.

The enzyme systems of living organisms catalyse biochemical reactions and are an important component of the functioning of organs and systems. Alkaline phosphatase is localised on the plasma membranes of cells and catalyses the hydrolysis of the phosphoester bond. This enzyme is found in liver, bone, kidney, intestine, placenta and many other organs and tissues. Levels of alkaline phosphatase activity can be altered in various diseases. Despite the universality of the mechanism of action, the function of alkaline phosphatase is poorly understood. Characteristics of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes, both tissue-specific and tissue-specific: intestinal, germinal, placental. The analysis of literature data on the study of tissue-specific alkaline phosphatase function in bone calcification, in the accumulation of triglycerides by adipose tissue cells, in embryonic development and in spermatogenesis is performed. This review presents an analysis of data on the localisation of alkaline phosphatase in mammalian testes. Alkaline phosphatase was detected in the peritubular cells of the seminiferous tubules and in spermatogonia. Weak reactivity to alkaline phosphatase was observed in Sertoli cells. The enzyme is species-specific: it has been detected in the testes of rats, mice, dogs, guinea pigs, and human testes. Hamsters, rabbits, and bats do not express alkaline phosphatase. The molecular structure of alkaline phosphatase and its properties in relation to standard inhibitors have been characterised. However, the effect of the enzyme on the differentiation of primary germ cells and on the maturation of spermatogenesis cells in mammalian testes has not been studied. Further studies are needed to determine the role of alkaline phosphatase in the physiology of cells and tissues of the reproductive system, including germ cell meiosis.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.