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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2026-15-1-78-84</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-2222</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Вариантная анатомия, морфометрические и топографо-анатомические характеристики внутричерепной части тройничного нерва</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Variational Anatomy, Morphometric and Topographic-Anatomical Characteristics of the Intracranial Part of the Trigeminal Nerve</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3657-2946</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шангина</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shangina</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шангина Людмила Владимировна – преподаватель кафедры нормальной анатомии</p><p>д. 6, лит. Ж, Санкт-Петербург, 194044</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila V. Shangina – Educator of Normal Human Anatomy Department</p><p>ul. Akademika Lebedeva, 6zh, Saint-Petersburg, 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.shanginalv@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7232-6419</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайворонский</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaivoronskii</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гайворонский Иван Васильевич – д-р. мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой нормальной анатомии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan V. Gaivoronskii – Doct. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of Nor- mal Human Anatomy Department</p><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i.v.gaivoronsky@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6426-5022</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лодягина</surname><given-names>Я. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lodyagina</surname><given-names>Ya. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лодягина Яна Александровна – студент</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yana A. Lodyagina – student </p><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ingwerpferd@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>78</fpage><lpage>94</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шангина Л.В., Гайворонский И.В., Лодягина Я.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шангина Л.В., Гайворонский И.В., Лодягина Я.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shangina L.V., Gaivoronskii I.V., Lodyagina Y.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2222">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2222</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – разработать методику исследования внутричерепной части тройничного нерва на секционном материале, изучить вариантную анатомию его корешков, морфометрические характеристики и топографо-анатомические взаимоотношения ствола с сосудами и возможность прижизненной визуализации с помощью магнитно-резонансной томографии.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Исследование анатомо-топографических взаимоотношений ствола тройничного нерва с сосудами проведено на 30 небальзамированных трупах людей (13 мужчин и 17 женщин) второго периода зрелого и пожилого возраста (60–70 лет). Для этого предложена оригинальная методика вскрытия мозгового черепа. Данный доступ позволяет осуществить одностороннее удаление намета мозжечка, вскрытие мостомозжечковой цистерны, сохранность целостности анатомических структур и дает возможность детально изучить их взаимоотношения. Изучение вариантной анатомии проведено на 72 препаратах (31 мужском, 41 женском) головного мозга, принадлежавших лицам второго периода зрелого и пожилого возраста.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Продемонстрированы 3 варианта выхода корешков, из которых формируется ствол тройничного нерва: в 63% случаев наблюдается раздельное отхождение двух корешков (чувствительного и двигательного), в 32% – формирование единого корешка, а в 5% – два двигательных корешка. Получены морфометрические характеристики внутричерепной части тройничного нерва (длина и ширина ствола тройничного нерва, переднезадний и латерально-медиальный размеры тройничного узла, длина и ширина основных ветвей тройничного нерва (глазного, верхнечелюстного и нижнечелюстного нервов) до вхождения их в отверстия основания черепа. Описаны топографо-анатомические взаимоотношения тройничного нерва с верхней мозжечковой артерией и верхней каменистой веной.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Разработана оригинальная методика препарирования, позволяющая изучать внутричерепную часть тройничного нерва с сохранением целостности всех анатомических структур. Проведенное исследование уточнило возможные предпосылки развития нейроваскулярного конфликта ствола тройничного нерва с верхней мозжечковой артерией и верхней каменистой веной. Выявлены три варианта отхождения корешков тройничного нерва с преобладанием раздельного отхождения чувствительного и двигательного корешков. С помощью МРТ-исследования продемонстрированы возможности прижизненной визуализации ствола и узла тройничного нерва и исследования их морфометрических и топографо-анатомических отношений.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to develop a technique for examining the intracranial part of the tri- geminal nerve using sectional material, to study the variational anatomy of its roots, morphometric characteris- tics and topographic-anatomical relationships of the nerve trunk with blood vessels, and the possibility of in vivo visualization using magnetic resonance imaging.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study of the anatomical and topographic relationships between the trigeminal nerve trunk and blood vessels was conducted on 30 non- embalmed human cadavers (13 males and 17 females) of the second period of adulthood and elderly age (60–70 years). For this purpose, an original technique for opening the cranial vault was proposed. This approach allows for unilateral removal of the tentorium cerebelli, opening of the cerebellopontine cistern, preservation of the integrity of anatomical structures, and provides the opportunity to study their relationships in detail. The study of variational anatomy was carried out on 72 specimens (31 male, 41 female) of the brain obtained from individu- als of the second period of adulthood and elderly age.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Three variants of the exit of the roots forming the trigeminal nerve trunk were demonstrated: in 63% of cases, separate emergence of two roots (sensory and mo- tor) was observed; in 32%, formation of a single root; and in 5%, two motor roots. Morphometric characteristics of the intracranial part of the trigeminal nerve were obtained (length and width of the trigeminal nerve trunk, anteroposterior and lateromedial dimensions of the trigeminal ganglion, length and width of the main branches of the trigeminal nerve (ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves) before their entry into the foramina of the skull base. The topographic-anatomical relationships of the trigeminal nerve with the superior cerebellar artery and the superior petrosal vein were described.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. An original dissection technique was devel- oped, allowing the study of the intracranial part of the trigeminal nerve while preserving the integrity of all ana- tomical structures. The conducted study clarified possible predisposing factors for the development of neurovas- cular conflict involving the trigeminal nerve trunk with the superior cerebellar artery and the superior petrosal vein. Three variants of the emergence of the trigeminal nerve roots were identified, with separate emergence of the sensory and motor roots being predominant. Using MRI, the possibilities of in vivo visualization of the tri- geminal nerve trunk and ganglion, as well as the study of their morphometric and topographic-anatomical rela- tionships, were demonstrated.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тройничный нерв</kwd><kwd>тройничный узел</kwd><kwd>ветви тройничного нерва</kwd><kwd>визуализация</kwd><kwd>морфометрия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>trigeminal nerve</kwd><kwd>trigeminal ganglion</kwd><kwd>branches of the trigeminal nerve</kwd><kwd>visualization</kwd><kwd>morphometry</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ткач А.В., Кутя С.А., Ткач В.В., Мороз Г.А. Эволюция представлений о тройничном узле. 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