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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2026-15-1-72-77</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-2221</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Морфофункциональная оценка крупноклеточных ядер гипоталамуса крыс при интрагастральном введении формалина и перекиси водорода и дополнительном воздействии окситоцина</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphofunctional Assessment of the Magnocellular Hypothalamic Nuclei in Rats following Intragastric Administration of Formalin and Hydrogen Peroxide and Supplementary Oxytocin Treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чайко</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chaiko</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чайко Павел Александрович – аспирант кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>Ул. Советская, 6, Оренбург, 460000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel A. Chaiko – Post-graduate of Histology, Cytology and Embryology department</p><p>Ul. Sovetskaya, 6, Orenburg, 460000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pavel.chaiko9@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6786-5074</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стадников</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stadnikov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стадников Александр Абрамович – д-р. биол. наук, профессор, Заслуженный деятель науки РФ, Заслуженный работник высшей школы РФ, профессор кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>Оренбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Stadnikov – Doct. Sci. (Biol.), Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Honored Worker of Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Professor of Histology, Cytology and Embryology department</p><p>Orenburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k_histology@orgma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Оренбургский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Orenburg State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>72</fpage><lpage>77</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чайко П.А., Стадников А.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чайко П.А., Стадников А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chaiko P.A., Stadnikov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2221">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2221</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – оценить морфофункциональное состояние супраоптических и паравентрикулярных ядер гипоталамуса у крыс при длительном интрагастральном введении формалина и перекиси водорода, а так же дополнительном воздействии окситоцина.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проведена сравнительная оценка морфофункционального состояния крупноклеточных (супраоптических и паравентрикулярных) ядер гипоталамуса у двух групп крыс (n=30, самцы породы Вистар, массой 190–210 г). В течение 6 мес. каждой группе животных интрагастрально вводили смесь 0,4% раствора формальдегида и 0,4% раствора перекиси водорода в соотношении 1:1. Второй группе животных дополнительно осуществляли внутримышечно инъекцию окситоцина в дозе 0,5 мкг. Окраску парафиновых срезов толщиной 4–5 мкм проводили гематоксилином Майера и эозином, а также по Гомори–Габу. Для статистической обработки данных использовали методы непараметрической статистики на основе программы STATISTICA 6.0. Статистическая обработка включала вычисление количественных данных, представленных в виде медианы и межквартильного размаха (25-й и 75-й процентили) в формате Me [Q1; Q3].</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. После 6 мес. введения смеси формалина и перекиси водорода в группе животных без дополнительного введения окситоцина проведена сравнительная оценка морфофункционального состояния нейросекреторных клеток (НСК) супраоптических и паравентрикулярных ядер гипоталамуса. Установлено, что в условиях длительного воздействия формальдегида и перекиси водорода на организм экспериментальных животных наблюдается блокировка высвобождения нейросекрета и истощение секреторных механизмов крупноклеточных ядер гипоталамуса (в большей степени НСК паравентрикулярных ядер). На фоне введения окситоцина, в гипоталамо-гипофизарной нейросекреторной системе отмечались адаптивные процессы в ответ на воздействие смеси формалина и перекиси водорода.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Введение окситоцина изменяло морфофункциональное состояние изученных НСК гипоталамуса: уменьшалась доля пикноморфных клеток, сосуды микроциркуляторного русла и эпендимоциты III желудочка не имели деструктивных изменений.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to assess the morphofunctional state of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus in rats following long-term intragastric administration of formalin and hydrogen peroxide, as well as additional oxytocin exposure.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. A comparative assessment of the morphofunctional state of the magnocellular (supraoptic and paraventricular) hypothalamic nuclei was performed in two groups of rats (n=30, male Wistar rats, weighing 190–210 g). Over a period of 6 months, each group of animals received intragastric administration of a mixture of 0.4% formaldehyde solution and 0.4% hydrogen peroxide solution in a 1:1 ratio. The second group of animals additionally received an intramuscular injection of oxytocin at a dose of 0.5 μg. Paraffin sections, 4–5 μm thick, were stained with Mayer's hematoxylin and eosin, as well as with Gomori–Gabe stain. Nonparametric statistical methods using STATISTICA 6.0 software were employed for data analysis. Statistical processing included the calculation of quantitative data presented as median and interquartile range (25th and 75th percentiles) in the format Me [Q1; Q3].</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. After 6 months of administration of the formalin and hydrogen peroxide mixture in the group of animals without additional oxytocin administration, a comparative assessment of the morphofunctional state of neurosecretory cells (NSCs) of the supraoptic and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei was performed. It was found that under conditions of prolonged exposure to formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide in experimental animals, blockade of neurosecretory release and depletion of secretory mechanisms of the magnocellular hypothalamic nuclei (particularly NSCs of the paraventricular nuclei) were observed. Against the background of oxytocin administration, adaptive processes were noted in the hypothalamic–pituitary neurosecretory system in response to exposure to the formalin and hydrogen peroxide mixture.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Oxytocin administration altered the morphofunctional state of the studied hypothalamic NSCs: the proportion of pyknomorphic cells decreased, and the vessels of the microvasculature and ependymocytes of the third ventricle showed no destructive changes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>крупноклеточные ядра гипоталамуса</kwd><kwd>формальдегид</kwd><kwd>перекись водорода</kwd><kwd>окситоцин</kwd><kwd>крысы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>magnocellular nuclei of the hypothalamus</kwd><kwd>formaldehyde</kwd><kwd>hydrogen peroxide</kwd><kwd>oxytocin</kwd><kwd>rats</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Автандилов Г.Г. Введение в количественную патологическую морфологию; АМН СССР; Москва: Медицина, 1980. 216.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avtandilov GG. 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