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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2026-15-1-59-71</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-2220</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Хронические эффекты двусторонней перевязки общих сонных артерий на цитоархитектонику слоев III и V сенсомоторной коры крыс</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chronic Effects of Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Ligation on the Cytoarchitecture of Layers III and V of the Rat Sensorimotor Cortex</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8310-896X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тагаков</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tagakov</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тагаков Кирилл Сергеевич – очный аспирант кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirill S. Tagakov – full-time postgraduate student at the Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">altmailtk@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6097-7970</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акулинин</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akulinin</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Акулинин Виктор Александрович – д-р. мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>ул. Ленина, 12, Омск, 644099</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor A. Akulinin – Doct. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of Histology, Cytology and Embryology Department</p><p>ul. Lenina, 12, Omsk, 644099</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v_akulinin@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0741-3337</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Степанов Сергей Степанович – д-р мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei S. Stepanov – Doct. Sci. (Med.), Senior Rresearcher of Histology, Cytology and Embryology Department</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">serg_stepanov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4976-7539</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеев</surname><given-names>Д. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeev</surname><given-names>O. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Авдеев Дмитрий Борисович – д-р биол. наук, канд. ветеринар. наук, доцент, профессор кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii B. Avdeev – Doct. Sci. (Biol.), Cand. Sci. (Vet.), Associate Professor, Professor of Histology, Cytology and Embryology Department</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avdeev86@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0936-3137</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шоронова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shoronova</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шоронова Анастасия Юрьевна – канд. биол. наук, старший преподаватель кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya Yu. Shoronova – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Lecturer of Histology, Cytology and Embryology Department</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nastasya1994@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4208-2748</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акулинин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akulinin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Акулинин Дмитрий Викторович – студент высшей школы кибертехнологий, математики и статистики</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii V. Akulinin – student at the Higher School of Cybertechnology, Mathematics and Statistics</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akulinin.121@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1143-4843</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жанайдарова</surname><given-names>Г. У.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhanaidarova</surname><given-names>G. U.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жанайдарова Галина Уразовна – д-р. мед. наук, профессор кафедры морфологии</p><p>Караганда</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina U. Zhanaidarova – Doct. Sci. (Med.), Professor at the Department of Morphology</p><p>Karaganda</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhanaydarova@qmu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3667-7905</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цускман</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsuskman</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цускман Ирина Геннадиевна – канд. ветеринар. наук, доцент кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии </p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina G. Tsuskman – Cand. Sci. (Vet.), associate professor of the Department of histology, cytology and embryology </p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ira.tsuskman@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Омский государственный медицинский университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Omsk State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Российский экономический университет им. Г.В. Плеханова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Plekhanov Russian University of Economics<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Карагандинский медицинский университет<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Karaganda Medical University<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тагаков К.С., Акулинин В.А., Степанов С.С., Авдеев Д.Б., Шоронова А.Ю., Акулинин Д.В., Жанайдарова Г.У., Цускман И.Г., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тагаков К.С., Акулинин В.А., Степанов С.С., Авдеев Д.Б., Шоронова А.Ю., Акулинин Д.В., Жанайдарова Г.У., Цускман И.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tagakov K.S., Akulinin V.A., Stepanov S.S., Avdeev O.B., Shoronova A.Y., Akulinin D.V., Zhanaidarova G.U., Tsuskman I.G.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2220">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2220</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – изучить цитоархитектоническую динамику и причинноследственные связи между изменениями в слоях III и V сенсомоторной коры белых крыс при хронической ишемии головного мозга.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. На 72 самцах крыс линии Wistar моделировали хроническую церебральную ишемию посредством билатеральной перевязки общих сонных артерий. Животных выводили из эксперимента в сроки: контроль и через 30, 90, 150, 210 и 270 сут (n=6 в каждой группе). Проводили гистологическое и морфометрическое исследование фронтальных срезов слоев III и V при окраске по Нисслю. Статистическую обработку выполняли с применением однофакторного, корреляционного, регрессионного и лаг-анализа с использованием как параметрических, так и непараметрических критериев.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Обнаружены статистически значимые специфичные различия в слоях III и V в динамике нейродегенеративных изменений. В слое III выявлена нелинейная, волнообразная динамика общей численной плотности нейронов и численной плотности нормохромных нейронов с выраженным снижением на 30-е сут (40,6±1,9 против 70,7±2,1 в контроле и 14,2±0,6 против 67,3±1,4 в контроле; p&lt;0,001), последующим частичным восстановлением к 150-м сут и повторным ухудшением к 270-м сут. В слое V изменения были менее выраженными и носили преимущественно линейный характер. Установлена сильная положительная корреляция между общей численной плотностью нейронов и численной плотностью нормохромных нейронов внутри каждого слоя (слой III: r=0,78; слой V: r=0,85; p&lt;0,001 для обоих). Регрессионный и лаг-анализ подтвердили наличие каскадного характера цитоархитектонической реорганизации: изменения в слое III статистически значимо предсказывали последующие изменения в слое V (β=0,287, p=0,003 для численной плотности нормохромных нейронов).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Хроническая ишемия вызывает каскадную нейродегенерацию, которая инициируется в верхнем мелкоклеточном слое III и вовлекает нижележащий слой V. Выявленные специфичные паттерны повреждения в слоях III и V сенсомоторной коры и имеют ключевое значение для углубления понимания патогенеза ишемических поражений головного мозга и могут служить основой для разработки нейропротективных стратегий.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to investigate the cytoarchitectonic dynamics and cause-and-effect relationships between changes in layers III and V of the sensorimotor cortex of white rats during chronic cerebral ischemia.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Chronic cerebral ischemia was modeled in 72 male Wistar rats by bilateral ligation of the common carotid arteries. Animals were sacrificed at the control time and after 30, 90, 150, 210, and 270 days (n=6 in each group). Histological and morphometric examination of frontal sections of layers III and V was performed using Nissl staining. Statistical processing was performed using single-factor, correlation, regression, and lag analysis using both parametric and nonparametric criteria.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Statistically significant specific differences in the dynamics of neurodegenerative changes were found in layers III and V. In layer III, a nonlinear, wave-like dynamics of the total numerical density of neurons and the numerical density of normochromic neurons was revealed with a pronounced decrease on the 30th day (40.6±1.9 versus 70.7±2.1 in the control and 14.2±0.6 versus 67.3±1.4 in the control; p&lt;0.001), followed by partial recovery by the 150th day and repeated deterioration by the 270th day. In layer V, the changes were less pronounced and were predominantly linear. A strong positive correlation was found between of the total numerical density of neurons and the numerical density of normochromic neurons within each layer (layer III: r=0.78; layer V: r=0.85; p&lt;0.001 for both). Regression and lag analyses confirmed the cascade nature of cytoarchitectonic reorganization: changes in layer III statistically significantly predicted subsequent changes in layer V (β=0.287, p=0.003 for the numerical density of normochromic neurons).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Chronic ischemia causes a cascade of neurodegeneration that initiates in the upper parvocellular layer III and involves the underlying layer V. The identified specific patterns of damage in layers III and V of the sensorimotor cortex are of key importance for better understanding the pathogenesis of ischemic brain lesions and can serve as a basis for the development of neuroprotective strategies.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая ишемия</kwd><kwd>сенсомоторная кора</kwd><kwd>цитоархитектоника</kwd><kwd>морфометрия</kwd><kwd>нейродегенерация</kwd><kwd>крысы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic ischemia</kwd><kwd>sensorimotor cortex</kwd><kwd>cytoarchitecture</kwd><kwd>morphometry</kwd><kwd>neurodegeneration</kwd><kwd>rats</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бонь Е.И., Максимович Н.Е. Сравнительный анализ морфологических нарушений нейронов теменной коры и гиппокампа крыс при различных видах экспериментальной ишемии головного мозга. 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