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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2025-14-4-63-69</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-2184</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ультраструктурная характеристика внутренней  оболочки стенки восходящей части аорты   преждевременно рожденных крыс</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ultrastructural Characterization of the Inner Sheath of the  Wall of the Ascending Part of the Aorta of Prematurely   Born Rats</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2924-0724</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Серебрякова</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Serebryakova</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Серебрякова Ольга Николаевна – ассистент кафедры общей морфологии и патологии</p><p>Московский тракт, 2, Томск, 634050</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ol'ga N. Serebryakova – teaching assistant at the Department of General Morphology and Pathology</p><p>Moskovskii trakt, 2, Tomsk, 634050</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oserebryakovan@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2530-1112</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vera V. Ivanova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванова Вера Владимировна – доцент кафедры общей морфологии и патологии</p><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vera V. Ivanova – Associate Professor at the Department of General Morphology and Pathology</p><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivvera92@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0924-1538</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кошуба</surname><given-names>С. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koshuba</surname><given-names>S. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кошуба Савелий Олегович – студент</p><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Savelii O. Koshuba – student</p><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sav-kosh@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5310-6318</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долбня</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolbnya</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Долбня Андрей Дмитриевич – ассистент кафедры общей морфологии и патологии</p><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei D. Dolbnya – teaching assistant at the Department of General Morphology and Pathology</p><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adolbnDolbnyaya1@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7226-0328</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Геренг</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gereng</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Геренг Елена Андреевна – профессор кафедры общей морфологии и патологии</p><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Gereng – Professor at the Department of General Morphology and Pathology</p><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e-gereng@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9764-4392</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мильто</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mil'to</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мильто Иван Васильевич – профессор, зав. кафедрой общей морфологии и патологии</p><p>Томск</p><p>Северск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan V. Mil'to – Professor, Head of the Department of General Morphology and Pathology</p><p>Tomsk</p><p>Seversk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">milto_bio@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский государственный медицинский университет; Северский биофизический научный центр</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Medical University; Sever Biophysical Research Center</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>63</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Серебрякова О.Н., Иванова В.В., Кошуба С.О., Долбня А.Д., Геренг Е.А., Мильто И.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Серебрякова О.Н., Иванова В.В., Кошуба С.О., Долбня А.Д., Геренг Е.А., Мильто И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Serebryakova O.N., Vera V. Ivanova V.V., Koshuba S.O., Dolbnya A.D., Gereng E.A., Mil'to I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2184">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2184</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – описать особенности ультраструктурной организации внутренней оболочки стенки восходящей части аорты крыс, рожденных раньше ожидаемого срока на 24 ч и сравнить их с аналогичными структурами крыс, рожденных в срок. Материал и методы. Исследование проведено на самцах и самках крыс Wistar, которые были разделены на 2 группы: контрольную группу (доношенные особи, срок гестации 22 суток, n=32) и опытную группу (крысы, рожденные на 24 ч раньше срока, срок гестации 21 сутки, n=22). Преждевременное рождение крыс опытной группы индуцировали подкожным введением мифепристона беременным самкам крыс Wistar за сутки до планируемого времени родов. Животных контрольной и опытной групп выводили на 1-, 2-, 4-, 8- и 24-й неделе постнатального периода развития асфиксией углекислым газом. Фрагменты стенки восходящей части аорты доношенных и недоношенных животных анализировали при помощи просвечивающего электронного микроскопа (трансмиссионная электронная микроскопия). Результаты. У преждевременно рожденных неполовозрелых животных в эндотелиоцитах внутренней оболочки стенки аорты определяются дегенеративные процессы в виде набухания органелл синтетического и энергетического аппаратов. В более позднем постнатальном периоде онтогенеза (4–8 недели) у половозрелых преждевременно рожденных крыс определяются тельца Вейбеля–Паладе, отсутствующие у доношенных крыс. В позднем постнатальном периоде онтогенеза у преждевременно рожденных крыс обнаруживается вакуолизация цитоплазмы эндотелиоцитов, а также утолщение субэндотелиального слоя, в котором обнаруживаются клетки, обладающие фибробластоподобной морфологией. С 4-й недели эксперимента обнаруживаются истончения и разрывы внутренней эластической мембраны стенки восходящей части аорты преждевременно рожденных крыс. Заключение. Преждевременное рождение приводит к развитию эндотелиальной дисфункции, характеризующейся дегенеративными процессами эндотелиоцитов, утолщением субэндотелиального слоя, а также повреждением внутренней эластической мембраны внутренней оболочки стенки восходящей части аорты.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to describe the peculiarities of the ultrastructural organization of the inner sheath of the wall of the ascending part of the aorta of rats born prematurely at 24 h and to compare them with similar structures of rats born at term. Material and methods. The study was performed on male and female Wistar rats, which were divided into 2 groups: control group (premature rats, gestational age 22 days, n=32)  and experimental group  (rats born 24 hours prematurely, gestational age 21 days, n=22). Premature birth Wistar rats one day before the planned time of labor. Animals of control and experimental groups were bred at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 weeks of postnatal development by carbon dioxide asphyxia. Fragments of the wall of the ascending part of the aorta of preterm and premature animals were analyzed using a transmission electron microscope (transmission electron microscopy). Results. In prematurely born immature animals degenerative processes in the form of swelling of organelles of synthetic and energetic apparatuses are determined in endotheliocytes of the inner sheath of the aortic wall.  In the later postnatal period of ontogenesis (4-8 weeks) in sexually mature prematurely born rats, Weibel-Pallade's corpuscles, absent in prematurely born rats, are detected. In the late postnatal period of ontogenesis, vacuolization of endotheliocyte cytoplasm and thickening of the subendothelial layer, in which cells with fibroblast-like morphology are detected in prematurely born rats. Thinning and ruptures of the internal elastic membrane of the wall of the ascending part of the aorta of prematurely born rats are detected from the 4th week of the experiment. Conclusion. Premature birth leads to the development of endothelial dysfunction characterized by degenerative processes of endotheliocytes, thickening of the subendothelial layer, and thinning of the internal elastic membrane.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>преждевременное рождение</kwd><kwd>аорта</kwd><kwd>эндотелиоциты</kwd><kwd>крысы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>premature birth</kwd><kwd>aorta</kwd><kwd>endotheliocytes</kwd><kwd>rats</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда, проект № 24-25-0001.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the study was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 24-25-0001).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захарова С.Ю., Покусаева О.С. 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