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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2025-14-3-84-93</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-2137</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гистогематические барьеры</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Histohematic Barriers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9299-0571</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевлюк</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevlyuk</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шевлюк Николай Николаевич - д-р. биол. наук, профессор, заслуженный работник высшей школы РФ, профессор кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии.</p><p>ул. Советская, 6, Оренбург, 460000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolai N. Shevlyuk - Doct. Sci. (Biol.), Professor, Honored Worker of Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Professor of Histology, Cytology and Embryology department, Orenburg State Medical University.</p><p>Sovetskaya ul., 6, Orenburg, 460000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k_histology@orgma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5589-8232</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блинова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blinova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Блинова Елена Владиславовна - канд. биол. наук, доцент, зав. кафедрой гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии.</p><p>ул. Советская, 6, Оренбург, 460000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Blinova - Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor, Head of Histology, Cytology and Embryology department of the Orenburg State Medical University.</p><p>Sovetskaya ul., 6, Orenburg, 460000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9569-3585</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыскулов</surname><given-names>М. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryskulov</surname><given-names>M. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рыскулов Марат Фирдатович - канд. биол. наук доцент кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии.</p><p>ул. Советская, 6, Оренбург, 460000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marat F. Ryskulov - Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor at the Histology, Cytology and Embryology department of the Orenburg State Medical University.</p><p>Sovetskaya ul., 6, Orenburg, 460000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Оренбургский государственный медицинский университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Orenburg State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>84</fpage><lpage>93</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шевлюк Н.Н., Блинова Е.В., Рыскулов М.Ф., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шевлюк Н.Н., Блинова Е.В., Рыскулов М.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shevlyuk N.N., Blinova E.V., Ryskulov M.F.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2137">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2137</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью обзора явился анализ морфофункциональной характеристики гистогематических барьеров. Создание концепции о гистогематических барьерах связано с именем академика Лины Соломоновны Штерн (1878 – 1969). Под гистогематическими барьерами понимают барьеры между кровью в сосудах микроциркуляторного русла и клеточными элементами паренхимы того или иного органа, обеспечивающие баланс обменных процессов между кровью и тканями, регулирующие избирательный транспорт веществ между кровью и определенными замкнутыми пространствами различных органов. Количество структурно-функциональных систем, позиционируемых как гистогематический барьер, к настоящему времени составляет несколько десятков. К числу наиболее изученных гистогематических барьеров относятся гематоэнцефалический, гематотестикулярный и плацентарный. Компонентами любого гистогематического барьера являются: клетки эндотелия кровеносных капилляров, базальная мембрана эндотелия, интерстициальный матрикс, паренхима органа (в большинстве гистогематических барьеров это эпителий, лежащий на базальной мембране). Важнейшей особенностью гистогематических барьеров является наличие большого числа различных видов плотных контактов между клеточными элементами сосудистой и паренхиматозной частей барьера. Важная роль в функционировании плотных контактов принадлежит трансмембранным белкам, прежде всего, окклюдинам и клаудинам, а также ряду других белков (кадгеринам, катенинам, каркасным белкам, различным молекулам адгезии). Наиболее сложно устроенным гистогематическим барьером является гематотестикулярный барьер. В него входят (по направлению от крови к клеткам сперматогенного эпителия): эндотелий капилляров, расположенных в интерстиции семенника (яичка), базальная мембрана эндотелия, слой фибробластоподобных клеток, базальная мембрана и расположенные на ней 2–3 слоя миоидных клеток, базальная мембрана сперматогенного эпителия, базальная часть сустентоцитов (клеток Сертоли). До сих пор отсутствует универсальная классификация гистогематических барьеров. Трактовка некоторых барьерных систем как гистогематических барьеров является дискуссионной. Очевидно, гистогематическими барьерными системами являются только такие барьеры, которые создают препятствия для проникновения тех или иных веществ из крови внутрь тканей организма.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of this review was to analyze the morphofunctional characteristics of histohematic barriers. The development of the concept of histohematic barriers is associated with the name of Academician Lina Solomonovna Shtern (1878–1969). Histohematic barriers are defined as the barriers between the blood in the vessels of the microvasculature and the cellular elements of the parenchyma of a given organ. They maintain the balance of metabolic processes between the blood and tissues and regulate the selective transport of substances between the blood and specific enclosed spaces of various organs. The number of structural-functional systems classified as histohematic barriers currently amounts to several dozen. Among the most extensively studied histohematic barriers are the blood-brain, blood-testis, and placental barriers. The components of any histohematic barrier are: endothelial cells of the blood capillaries, the endothelial basement membrane, the interstitial matrix, and the organ parenchyma (which, in most histohematic barriers, is an epithelium resting on a basement membrane). A crucial feature of histohematic barriers is the presence of a large number of different types of tight junctions between the cellular elements of the vascular and parenchymal parts of the barrier. An important role in the functioning of tight junctions is played by transmembrane proteins, primarily occludins and claudins, as well as a number of other proteins (cadherins, catenins, scaffolding proteins, and various adhesion molecules). The most complex histohematic barrier is the blood-testis barrier. It consists of the following components (in the direction from the blood to the cells of the spermatogenic epithelium): the endothelium of the capillaries located in the testicular interstitium, the endothelial basement membrane, a layer of fibroblast-like cells, the basement membrane and 2–3 layers of myoid cells situated on it, the basement membrane of the spermatogenic epithelium, and the basal portion of the sustentocytes (Sertoli cells). A universal classification of histohematic barriers is still lacking. The interpretation of some barrier systems as histohematic barriers is a subject of debate. It is evident that only those barriers which impede the penetration of certain substances from the blood into the body's tissues can be considered histohematic barrier systems.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гистогематический барьер</kwd><kwd>плотные контакты</kwd><kwd>базальная мембрана</kwd><kwd>трансмембранные белки</kwd><kwd>эндотелий</kwd><kwd>капилляры</kwd><kwd>окклюдин</kwd><kwd>катгерины</kwd><kwd>клаудины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>histohematic barrier</kwd><kwd>tight contacts</kwd><kwd>basement membrane</kwd><kwd>transmembrane proteins</kwd><kwd>endothelium</kwd><kwd>capillaries</kwd><kwd>occluding</kwd><kwd>cadherins</kwd><kwd>claudins</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бабий Т.П., Коханова Л.Л., Костюк Г.Г., Задорожный А.Г., Матвеенко С.А., Погребняк Л.П., Теплицкая Е.В., Труханов В.А. 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