This article is devoted to the scientific and social activities of M.D., Professor, N.I. Odnoralov, the founder of one of the neuromorphological schools of the USSR in the second half of the twentieth century. The «scientific family tree» of Professor N.I. Odnoralov is shown; the results of scientific research together with students during the years of work at the Voronezh Medical Institute; as well as the results of scientific activity of his students – professors who headed the departments of anatomy and created their own scientific schools. For the first time, within the framework of one article, the results of scientific research by neuromorphologists – students of N.I. Odnoralov who worked in Chita, Smolensk, Kursk, Minsk and Vladikavkaz are presented. In general, the article introduces the «family tree» of one of the scientific anatomical schools of the twentieth century, and also allows you to trace the process of accumulation of knowledge in the field of neuromorphology in the second half of the twentieth century.