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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2025-14-2-70-78</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-2104</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Активация каспаза-индуцированного апоптоза и реакция тучных клеток околоушной слюнной железы после однократного перорального введения оксидов обедненного урана</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Activation of Caspase-Induced Apoptosis and the Reaction of Parotid Salivary Gland Mast Cells After a Single Oral Administration</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9086-5714</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селявин</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Selyavin</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Селявин Станислав Сергеевич – ассистент кафедры гистологии</p><p>ул. Студенческая, 10, Воронеж, 394036</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stanislav S. Selyavin – teaching assistant at the Histology Department</p><p>ul. Studencheskaya, 10, Voronezh, 394036</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">selyavin92@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9185-4578</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шишкина</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shishkina</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шишкина Виктория Викторовна – канд. мед. наук, доцент, зав. кафедрой гистологии</p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktoriya V. Shishkina – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of histology</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">4128069@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2136-8272</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Золотарева</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zolotareva</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Золотарева Светлана Николаевна – канд. биол. наук, доцент кафедры гистологии</p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana N. Zolotareva – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor at the Histology Department</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zol2009sn@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8920-8059</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванова Елена Евгеньевна – канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры гистологии</p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena E. Ivanova – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor at the Histology Department</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">89155888871@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-535X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самойленко</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samoilenko</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Самойленко Татьяна Валерьевна – ассистент кафедры гистологии</p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tat'yana V. Samoilenko – teaching assistant at the Histology Department</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">antailkka@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2250-9565</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галиева</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galieva</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галиева Варвара Андреевна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Varvara A. Galieva</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">varvara.taratina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Медведев</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Medvedev</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Медведев Андрей Игоревич</p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei I. Medvedev</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.Н. Бурденко</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>70</fpage><lpage>78</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Селявин С.С., Шишкина В.В., Золотарева С.Н., Иванова Е.Е., Самойленко Т.В., Галиева В.А., Медведев А.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Селявин С.С., Шишкина В.В., Золотарева С.Н., Иванова Е.Е., Самойленко Т.В., Галиева В.А., Медведев А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Selyavin S.S., Shishkina V.V., Zolotareva S.N., Ivanova E.E., Samoilenko T.V., Galieva V.A., Medvedev A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2104">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2104</self-uri><abstract><p>Обедненный уран обладает высокой кумулятивной способностью и, попадая в организм человека, оказывает радиологические и химико-токсичные эффекты. Цель исследования – иммуногистохимическими методами оценить активность каспазы-3 и -9, а также реакцию тучных клеток стромы околоушной слюнной железы спустя 1, 3 и 6 месяцев после однократного перорального приема водного раствора оксидов обедненного урана. Материал и методы. Эксперимент проведен на 180 белых беспородных крысах-самцах, ранжированных на 6 групп: 3 экспериментальные и 3 контрольные. Животные экспериментальных групп получали однократную пероральную дозу обедненного урана (0,01 мг/100 г массы тела). Исследование околоушных желез контрольных и экспериментальных групп проводили спустя 1, 3 и 6 месяцев. Органы фиксировали в 10% нейтральном формалине, проводили гистологическое окрашивание (гематоксилином и эозином), иммуногистохимическое выявление каспаз-3 и -9, а также идентификацию тучных клеток (триптаза+, хлорацетилэстераза+ [ХАЭ]). Результаты. Через 1 месяц после введения обедненного урана выявлены изменения паренхиматозного компонента в виде вакуолизации, белковой дистрофии ацинарных клеток на фоне воспалительной реакции стромы (отека, полнокровия сосудов). Иммуногистохимический анализ выявил значительное увеличение активности каспазы-9 в п ренхиме, тогда как экспрессия каспазы-3 достоверно увеличивалась лишь к 3-му месяцу. К 6-му месяцу каспаза-индуцированный апоптоз в паренхиме снижался, но сохранялся в клетках выводных протоков. Тучные клетки демонстрировали пик активности через 1 месяц (увеличение количества триптаза+ и ХАЭ+ клеток), с последующим снижением их функциональной активности к 6-му месяцу. Заключение. Пероральное поступление оксидов обедненного урана вызывает двухфазный ответ околоушной железы. В раннюю фазу (1 месяц) происходит острое повреждение с активацией митохондриального пути апоптоза (каспаза-9) и дегрануляцией тучных клеток. В позднюю фазу (3–6 месяцев) наблюдается переход к хроническому воспалению с преобладанием каспазы-3-зависимого апоптоза в протоках. Полученные данные расширяют понимание механизмов токсичности обедненного урана, подчеркивая роль стромально-паренхиматозных взаимодействий в длительном повреждении слюнных желез.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Depleted uranium has high cumulative capacity and, upon entering the human body, exerts radiological and chemotoxic effects. The aim of the study was to immunohistochemically evaluate the activity of caspase-3 and -9, as well as the response of stromal mast cells in the parotid salivary gland at 1, 3, and 6 months after a single oral administration of an aqueous solution of depleted uranium oxides. Material and methods. The experiment was conducted on 180 outbred male white rats divided into 6 groups (3 experimental and 3 control). Animals in the experimental groups received a single oral dose of depleted uranium (0.01 mg/100 g body weight). The parotid glands of control and experimental groups were examined after 1, 3, and 6 months. Organs were fixed in 10% neutral formalin, followed by histological staining (hematoxylin-eosin), immunohisto- chemical detection of caspases-3 and -9, and identification of mast cells (tryptase+, ChAE+). Results. At 1 month after depleted uranium administration, ultrastructural changes in acinar cells (vacuolization, protein dystrophy) and stromal inflammatory reactions (edema, vascular congestion) were observed. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant increase in caspase-9 activity in the parenchyma, while caspase-3 expression increased significantly only by the 3rd month. By the 6th month, caspase-induced apoptosis in the parenchyma decreased but persisted in ductal cells. Mast cells showed peak activity at 1 month (increased tryptase+ and ChAE+ cells), followed by a decline in functional activity by the 6th month. Conclusion. Oral intake of depleted uranium oxides induces a biphasic response in the parotid gland: an early phase (1 month) involves acute damage with activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway (caspase-9) and mast cell degranulation, while a late phase (3–6 months) transitions to chronic inflammation with predominant caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in the ducts. These findings enhance the understanding of depleted uranium toxicity mechanisms, highlighting the role of stromal-parenchymal interactions in long-term salivary gland damage.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обедненный уран</kwd><kwd>околоушная слюнная железа</kwd><kwd>тучные клетки</kwd><kwd>апоптоз</kwd><kwd>каспазы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>depleted uranium</kwd><kwd>parotid salivary gland</kwd><kwd>mast cells</kwd><kwd>apoptosis</kwd><kwd>caspases</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каприн А.Д., Старинский В.В., Шахзадова А.О., ред. Злокачественные новообразования в России в 2023 году (заболеваемость и смертность). М.: МНИОИ им. П.А. 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