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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2025-14-1-83-87</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-2067</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Комплексное ультразвуковое морфометрическое исследование профиля плода при гестационном сахарном диабете</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comprehensive Ultrasound Morphometric Study of the Fetal Profile in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8885-1587</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Енькова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>En'kova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Енькова Елена Владимировна – д-р. мед. наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой акушерства и гинекологии №2.</p><p>ул. Студенческая, 10, Воронеж, 394036</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. En’kova – Doct. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology №2; N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University.</p><p>Studencheskaya ul., 10, Voronezh, 394036</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">enkova@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-6211</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Обернихин</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Obernikhin</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Обернихин Кирилл Игоревич – ассистент кафедры оперативной хирургии с топографической анатомией.</p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirill I. Obernikhin – Teaching Assistant at the Department of Operative Surgery with Topographic Anatomy; N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University.</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kirill.obernixin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5182-5271</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плетнева</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pletneva</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Плетнева Светлана Анатольевна – аспирант кафедры акушерства и гинекологии №2.</p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana A. Pletneva – postgraduate student at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology №2; N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University.</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">swp190290@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8032-1080</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белов</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belov</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белов Евгений Владимирович – канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры оперативной хирургии с топографической анатомией.</p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenii V. Belov – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Operative Surgery with Topographic Anatomy of N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University.</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yevgeniyvladimirovich.belov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2634-419X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Патлатая</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Patlataya</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Патлатая Надежда Николаевна – канд. мед. наук, заведующая кафедрой топографической анатомии и общей хирургии.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda N. Patlataya – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of Topographic Anatomy and General Surgery Department; Russian State Social University.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nadya_barahtenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2634-419X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузнецова Александра Владимировна – студент.</p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandra V. Kuznetsova – student of N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University.</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.Н. Бурденко</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University named after</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный социальный университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State Social University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>83</fpage><lpage>87</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Енькова Е.В., Обернихин К.И., Плетнева С.А., Белов Е.В., Патлатая Н.Н., Кузнецова А.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Енькова Е.В., Обернихин К.И., Плетнева С.А., Белов Е.В., Патлатая Н.Н., Кузнецова А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">En'kova E.V., Obernikhin K.I., Pletneva S.A., Belov E.V., Patlataya N.N., Kuznetsova A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2067">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2067</self-uri><abstract><p>Известно, что гестационный сахарный диабет (ГСД), вызывая гиперинсулинемию, увеличивает риск рождения плода с макросомией. Целью исследования явилось проведение комплексного ультразвукового морфометрического исследования профиля плода при ГСД с оценкой пропорциональности телосложения. Материал и методы. В исследовании приняли участие женщины в возрасте 18-45 лет с доношенной одноплодной беременностью. Было сформировано 2 группы: 1-я группа (n=80) – плоды беременных женщин с доношенным сроком беременности на фоне ГСД; 2-я группа, контрольная, (n=50) – плоды беременных женщин с доношенным сроком беременности без нарушения углеводного обмена. Ультразвуковое исследование проводили на 37-й неделе гестации на аппарате экспертного класса Voluson E8 (Австрия) в В- и М-режимах, а также в режиме доплеровского ультразвукового сканирования сосудов. Оценивали фетометрические параметры плода: окружность головки плода, окружность живота плода, длину бедренной кости. Рассчитывали предполагаемую массу плода, отношения окружности головки к окружности живота и длины бедра к окружности живота. Полученные данные были статистически обработаны. Результаты. Для плодов в случае беременности, протекающей на фоне ГСД, было характерно увеличение массы плода, утолщение передней брюшной стенки за счет чрезмерного развития подкожно-жировой клетчатки, увеличение окружности головки за счет склонности к гидроцефалии. Пропорциональность телосложения плода была сохранена. Заключение. ГСД является ведущим фактором, повышающим риски развития акушерских осложнений, в частности родового травматизма, за счет увеличения размеров плода, затрудняющих его продвижение по родовому каналу.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is known to increase the risk of having a fetus with macrosomia by causing hyperinsulinemia. The aim was to conduct a comprehensive ultrasound morphometric study of the fetal profile in GDM with an assessment of the proportionality of the body build. Material and methods. The study involved women aged 18–45 years with a full-term singleton pregnancy. Two groups were formed: Group 1 (n=80) – fetuses of pregnant women with full-term pregnancy against the background of GDM; Group 2, control, (n=50) – fetuses of pregnant women with full-term pregnancy without carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Ultrasound examination was performed at the 37th week of gestation on an expert-class Voluson E8 device (Austria) in B- and M-modes, as well as in the Doppler ultrasound scanning mode of blood vessels. The following fetometric parameters of the fetus were assessed: fetal head circumference, fetal abdominal circumference, and femur length. The estimated fetal weight, head circumference / abdominal circumference and femur length / abdominal circumference ratios were calculated. The obtained data were statistically processed. Results. Fetuses in cases of pregnancy occurring against the background of GDM were characterized by an increase in weight, thickening of the anterior abdominal wall due to excessive development of subcutaneous fat, and an increase in head circumference due to a tendency to hydrocephalus. The proportionality of the fetal build was preserved. Conclusion. GDM is a leading factor increasing the risks of obstetric complications, in particular birth trauma, due to an increase in the size of the fetus, which impedes its movement through the birth canal.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гестационный сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковое исследование</kwd><kwd>плод</kwd><kwd>фетальная макросомия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diabetes gestational</kwd><kwd>ultrasonography</kwd><kwd>fetus</kwd><kwd>fetal macrosomia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ходжаева З.С., Снеткова Н.В., Муминова К.Т., Горина К.А., Абрамова М.Е., Есаян Р.М. Особенности течения беременности у женщин с гестационным сахарным диабетом. Акушерство и гинекология. 2020;7:47-52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khodzhaeva ZS, Snetkova NV, Muminova KT, Gorina KA., Abramova M.E., Esayan R.M. 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