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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2025-14-1-74-82</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-2066</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительный патоморфологический анализ токсического воздействия новых спиросочлененных гетероциклических соединений на гиппокамп крыс</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative Pathomorphological Analysis of the New Spirofused Heterocyclic Compounds Toxic Effects on the Rat Hippocampus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5521-7248</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сухорукова</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukhorukova</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сухорукова Елена Геннадьевна – канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник научной лаборатории патоморфологии Научно-клинического центра патоморфологии.</p><p>ул. Льва Толстого, 6-8, 197022, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena G. Sukhorukova – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Rresearcher of Scientific Laboratory of Pathomorphology of the Scientific and Clinical Center of Pathomorphology; Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University.</p><p>L'va Tolstogo ul., 2, 197022, St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">len48@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8888-4135</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юкина</surname><given-names>Г. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yukina</surname><given-names>G. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юкина Галина Юрьевна – канд. биол. наук, доцент, зав. научной лаборатории патоморфологии Научно-клинического центра патоморфологии.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina Yu. Yukina – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor, Head of Scientific Laboratory of Pathomorphology of the Scientific and Clinical Center of Pathomorphology; Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pipson@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8633-8496</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Половников</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polovnikov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Половников Илья Вячеславович – старший лаборант кафедры патологической анатомии.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Il'ya V. Polovnikov – Senior Laboratory Assistant, Department of Pathological Anatomy; Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">policrats@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5960-068X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Журавский</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhuravskii</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Журавский Сергей Григорьевич – д-р мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории слуха и речи.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei G. Zhuravskii – Doct. Sci. (Med.), Senior Rresearcher of Hearing and Speech Laboratory; Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.jour@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9470-1710</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степаков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepakov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Степаков Александр Владимирович – д-р хим. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории нанобиотехнологий.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr V. Stepakov – Doct. Sci. (Chem.), Senior Rresearcher of Nanobiotechnology Laboratory; Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alstepakov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3791-8256</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крыжановская</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kryzhanovskaya</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Крыжановская Елена Александровна – младший научный сотрудник научной лаборатории патоморфологии Научно-клинического центра патоморфологии.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Kryzhanovskaya – Junior Rresearcher of Scientific Laboratory of Pathomorphology of the Scientific and Clinical Center of Pathomorphology; Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elena777.05@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4857-2046</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бойцов</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boitsov</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бойцов Виталий Михайлович – канд. хим. наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории нанобиотехнологий.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vitalii M. Boitsov – Cand. Sci. (Chem.), Associate Professor, Leading Rresearcher of Nanobiotechnology Laboratory; Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bovitali@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский национальный исследовательский академический университет им. Ж.И. Алферова Российской академии наук</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Alferov Saint Petersburg National Research Academic University of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>74</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сухорукова Е.Г., Юкина Г.Ю., Половников И.В., Журавский С.Г., Степаков А.В., Крыжановская Е.А., Бойцов В.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сухорукова Е.Г., Юкина Г.Ю., Половников И.В., Журавский С.Г., Степаков А.В., Крыжановская Е.А., Бойцов В.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sukhorukova E.G., Yukina G.Y., Polovnikov I.V., Zhuravskii S.G., Stepakov A.V., Kryzhanovskaya E.A., Boitsov V.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2066">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2066</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – провести сравнительный патоморфологический анализ токсического воздействия новых спиросочлененных гетероциклических соединений на гиппокамп крыс. Материал и методы. Самцы крыс линии Вистар были разделены на 3 группы. Животным контрольной группы вводили 1 мл физиологического раствора, крысам 1-й экспериментальной группы (ЭГ1) однократно внутрибрюшинно вводили спиросочлененный барбитурат, особям 2-й экспериментальной группы (ЭГ2) – спиросочлененный оксиндол в дозе 12 мг/кг массы тела животного также в объеме 1 мл. Через 2 и 8 нед после введения препаратов животных выводили из эксперимента. Используя стандартную гистологическую методику, срезы толщиной 5 мкм окрашивали толуидиновым синим по методу Ниссля. Иммуноцитохимическое выявление астроцитарной глии проводили с помощью антител к белку GFAP. Результаты. В обеих экспериментальных группах пирамидные нейроны претерпевают морфологические изменения, характерные для гибнущих клеток. При этом у животных ЭГ2 по сравнению с группой контроля дегенеративные изменения выявлялись у большего числа нейронов и во всех полях гиппокампа, в то время как в ЭГ1 преимущественно поражались поля CA1 и CA3. Сравнение между ЭГ1 и ЭГ2 показало, что спиросочлененный оксиндол оказывает большее токсическое действие на поля СА3 и СА4. Установлено, что в ЭГ1 морфометрические показатели к 8-й неделе эксперимента нормализуются, в то время как в ЭГ2 они так и не возвращаются к контрольным значениям. Обнаружено, что, несмотря на очевидную гибель нейронов, пролиферации и активации астроглии в пирамидном слое не происходит. Напротив, число астроцитов значимо уменьшается в обеих экспериментальных группах по сравнению с группой контроля. В ЭГ2 число астроцитов в пирамидном слое на 2-й неделе эксперимента значимо отличается от таковых значений в ЭГ1. Заключение. Cпиросочлененный барбитурат и спиросочлененный оксиндол проникают через гематоэнцефалический барьер, вызывают морфологические изменения пирамидных нейронов во всех областях гиппокампа без астроглиоза. Из двух исследованных, спиросочлененный оксиндол оказывает более выраженное токсическое действие на пирамидные нейроны полей СА3 и СА4 гиппокампа и астроцитарную глию.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim was to conduct a comparative pathomorphological analysis of the toxic effects of new spirofused heterocyclic compounds on the rat hippocampus. Material and methods. Male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups. Animals of the control group were injected with 1 ml of saline solution, rats of the 1st experimental group (EG1) were given a single intraperitoneal injection of a spirofused barbiturate, animals of the 2nd experimental group (EG2) were administered a spirofused oxindole at a dose of 12 mg/kg of the animal’s body weight, also in a volume of 1 ml. 2 and 8 weeks after administration of the drugs, the animals were taken out of the experiment. Using standard histological techniques, 5 μm thick sections were stained with toluidine blue using the Nissl method. Immunocytochemical detection of astrocytic glia was performed using antibodies to the GFAP protein. Results. In both experimental groups, pyramidal neurons undergo morphological changes typical for dying cells. Moreover, in animals from EG2, compared to the control group, degenerative changes were detected in a larger number of neurons and in all fields of the hippocampus, while in EG1, fields CA1 and CA3 were predominantly affected. Comparison between EG1 and EG2 showed that the spirofused oxindole has a greater toxic effect on the CA3 and CA4 fields. It was established that in EG1, morphometric parameters normalized by the 8th week of the experiment, while in EG2 they never returned to control values. It was found that, despite the obvious death of neurons, proliferation and activation of astroglia in the pyramidal layer does not occur. In contrast, the number of astrocytes significantly decreased in both experimental groups compared to the control group. In EG2, the number of astrocytes in the pyramidal layer on the 2nd week of the experiment significantly differed from those in EG1. Conclusion. Spirofused barbiturate and spirofused oxindole penetrate the blood-brain barrier, cause morphological changes in pyramidal neurons in all areas of the hippocampus without astrogliosis. Among two studied drugs, spirofused oxindole has a more pronounced toxic effect on pyramidal neurons of the CA3 and CA4 fields of the hippocampus and astrocytic glia.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гиппокамп</kwd><kwd>пирамидные нейроны</kwd><kwd>астроциты</kwd><kwd>спиросочлененные соединения</kwd><kwd>нейротоксичность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hippocampus</kwd><kwd>pyramidal cells</kwd><kwd>astroglia</kwd><kwd>spirofused compounds</kwd><kwd>neurotoxicity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (проект FSRM-2023-0005).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out with the support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (project FSRM-2023-0005).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Демяшкин Г.А., Григорян М.С., Ветров И.В., Раужева В.П., Зорин И.А., Шаповалова Е.Ю. 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