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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2025-14-1-21-28</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-2061</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Морфофункциональные характеристики плаценты при экспериментальной преэклампсии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphofunctional Characteristics of the Placenta in Experimental Preeclampsia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1014-752X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артемьева</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artem'eva</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Артемьева Ксения Александровна – канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории патологии репродукции; Научно-исследовательский институт морфологии человека имени академика А.П. Авцына.</p><p>пер. Абрикосовский, 2, 119991, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kseniya A. Artem'eva – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Rresearcher of Reproductive Pathology Laboratory, Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”.</p><p>per. Abrikosovskii, 2, 119991, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">artemjeva_ksenia@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9672-7145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономаренко</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomarenko</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пономаренко Елена Алексеевна – канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммуноморфологии воспаления.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Ponomarenko – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher of Inflammation Immunomorphology Laboratory, Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ponomarenkoea75@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8736-8032</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пацаев</surname><given-names>Т. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Patsaev</surname><given-names>T. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пацаев Тимофей Дмитриевич – научный сотрудник ресурсного центра зондовой и электронной микроскопии.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Timofey D. Patsaev – Researcher, Resource Center of Probe and Electron Microscopy, NRC Kurchatov institute.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">timpatsaev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9861-1878</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузнецова Екатерина Владимировна – канд. биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории патологии репродукции.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Kuznetsova – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Rresearcher of Reproductive Pathology Laboratory, Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kuznetsovaekvl@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8096-5974</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондашевская</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondashevskaya</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кондашевская Марина Владиславовна – д-р. биол. наук, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории патологии клетки.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Kondashevskaya – Doct. Sci. (Biol.), Chief Researcher of Cell Pathology Laboratory, Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mariluka@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7147-7912</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мнихович</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mnikhovich</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мнихович Максим Валерьевич – канд. мед. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник Центральной патологоанатомической лаборатории.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim V. Mnikhovich – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher of Central Pathology Laboratory, Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mnichmaxim@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8389-3841</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Деев</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Deev</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Деев Роман Вадимович – канд. мед. наук, первый заместитель директора.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman V. Deev – Cand. Sci. (Med.), First Deputy Director, Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">romdey@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0329-2277</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бочков</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bochkov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бочков Вячеслав Витальевич – лаборант-исследователь лаборатории патологии репродукции.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vyacheslav V. Bochkov – Laboratory Research Assistant of Reproductive Pathology Laboratory, Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vetdoc@anycure.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5592-5690</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Низяева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nizyaeva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Низяева Наталья Викторовна – д-р мед. наук, зав. лабораторией патологии репродукции.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natal'ya V. Nizyaeva – Doct. Sci. (Med.), Head of Reproductive Pathology Laboratory, Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">niziaeva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2092-7929</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демидова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demidova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Демидова Анастасия Сергеевна – студент.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia S. Demidova – student of MIREA – Russian Technological University.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anastasia131519@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт морфологии человека им. акад. А.П. Авцына ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии им. акад. Б.В. Петровского»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский центр «Курчатовский институт»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МИРЭА – Российский технологический университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MIREA– Russian Technological University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Артемьева К.А., Пономаренко Е.А., Пацаев Т.Д., Кузнецова Е.В., Кондашевская М.В., Мнихович М.В., Деев Р.В., Бочков В.В., Низяева Н.В., Демидова А.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Артемьева К.А., Пономаренко Е.А., Пацаев Т.Д., Кузнецова Е.В., Кондашевская М.В., Мнихович М.В., Деев Р.В., Бочков В.В., Низяева Н.В., Демидова А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Artem'eva K.A., Ponomarenko E.A., Patsaev T.D., Kuznetsova E.V., Kondashevskaya M.V., Mnikhovich M.V., Deev R.V., Bochkov V.V., Nizyaeva N.V., Demidova A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2061">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2061</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – охарактеризовать морфологические и функциональные изменения плаценты при моделировании экспериментальной преэклампсии и оценить валидность данной модели. Материал и методы. Исследование проводили на 12–14-недельных мышах инбредных линий CBA, DBA/2, Balb/c. Моделировали неосложненную беременность комбинацией ♀CBA×♂Balb/c, преэклампсию воспроизводили комбинацией ♀CBA×♂DBA/2 и введением на 5-й и 7-й дни гестации (ДГ) внутрибрюшинно по 0,1 мл 0,9% раствора NaCl бета-гептилгликозида мурамилдипептида (С7МДП) в дозе 25 мкг на 1 животное. На 14-й ДГ определяли частоту резорбции плодов и уровень протеинурии, препарировали плаценты. Препараты плаценты окрашивали гематоксилином и эозином. Свежевыделенную плаценту исследовали также с помощью растровой электронной микроскопии, гомогенат плаценты использовали для измерения продукции цитокинов ex vivo с помощью проточной цитофлуориметрии. После рождения потомства плоды в 1-й день жизни взвешивали и измеряли копчиково-теменной размер. Полученные результаты статистически обрабатывали с помощью программы Sigma Stat 3.5. Результаты. Уровень протеинурии составил 0,1 (0,0;0,1) г/л при неосложненной и 1,0 (1,0;3,0) г/л при моделированной преэклампсии. На 14-й ДГ частота резорбции в группе неосложненной беременности составляла 12,9%, в группе преэклампсии – 39,34%. Морфометрическое исследование показало задержку внутриутробного развития плодов в группе моделированной преэклампсии. Беременность, осложненная экспериментальной преэклампсией, сопровождалась значительным повышением уровня провоспалительного цитокина ИЛ-1, а также снижением плейотропных цитокинов ИЛ-4 и ИЛ-6 и противовоспалительного ИЛ-10. С помощью световой и сканирующей электронной микроскопии установлены морфологические и функциональные изменения в плаценте при экспериментальной преэклампсии, отражающие признаки плацентарной недостаточности. Заключение. Наблюдаемые нами изменения позволяют отнести рассматриваемую модель преэклампсии к одной из наиболее адекватных в настоящее время. Обладая высокой воспроизводимостью и валидностью, она может способствовать поиску новых диагностических и терапевтических мишеней для этого осложнения беременности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim was to characterize morphological and functional changes in the placenta in midpregnancy when modeling experimental preeclampsia and evaluate the model for validity. Material and methods. The study was conducted on 12–14-week-old mice of the inbred CBA, DBA/2, Balb/c lines. Uncomplicated pregnancy was modeled using the ♀CBA×♂Balb/c combination, preeclampsia was reproduced by the ♀CBA×♂DBA/2 combination and the introduction of 0.1 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution of beta-heptylglycoside muramyl dipeptide (C7MDP) intraperitoneally at the dose of 25 μg per 1 animal on days 5 and 7 of gestation (DG). On day 14 of gestation, the frequency of fetal resorption and the level of proteinuria were determined, and the placentas were dissected. Placenta preparations were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Freshly isolated placenta was also examined using scanning electron microscopy, placenta homogenate was used to measure ex vivo cytokine production using flow cytofluorimetry. After birth of the offspring, the fetuses were weighed on the 1st day of life and the crown-rump length was measured. The obtained results were statistically processed using the Sigma Stat 3.5 program. Results. The proteinuria level was 0.1 (0.0; 0.1) g/l in cases of uncomplicated pregnancy and 1.0 (1.0; 3.0) g/l in pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia. On the 14th day of pregnancy, the resorption rate in cases of the uncomplicated pregnancy group was 12.9%, in group of experimental preeclampsia we revealed 39.34% ones. Morphometric study showed intrauterine growth retardation of the fetuses in the experimental preeclampsia group. Our study of cytokines estimating in placental homogenates showed that pregnancy complicated by experimental preeclampsia was accompanied by significant increase in the level of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1, as well as decrease in the pleiotropic cytokines IL-4 and IL-6 and anti-inflammatory IL-10. Using light and scanning electron microscopy we found morphological and functional changes in the placenta in experimental preeclampsia reflecting the signs of placental insufficiency. Conclusion. The changes we observed allow us to classify the considered model of preeclampsia as one of the most adequate at present. Having high reproducibility and validity, it can contribute to the search for new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for this pregnancy complication.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>беременность</kwd><kwd>преэклампсия</kwd><kwd>плацента</kwd><kwd>плацентарная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>задержка развития плода</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pregnancy</kwd><kwd>preeclampsia</kwd><kwd>placenta</kwd><kwd>placental insufficiensy</kwd><kwd>fetal growth retardation</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Настоящее исследование проведено в рамках Государственного задания «Исследование основных механизмов формирования нарушений репродуктивного здоровья семьи FGFZ-2025-0005».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was conducted within the framework of the State assignment “Study of the main mechanisms of formation of violations of reproductive health of the family FGFZ-2025-0005”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Артемьева К.А., Степанова И.И., Низяева Н.В., Болтовская М.Н., Богданова И.М., Степанов А.А., Кондашевская М.В., Пономаренко Е.А. 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