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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2025-14-1-95-106</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-2059</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЯ МОРФОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY OF MORPHOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Неизвестная «малая коллекция Рюйша» сухих и влажных анатомических препаратов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The rediscovered unknown “small Ruijsch collection” of dry and wet anatomical specimens</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3064-7596</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горячева</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goriacheva</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горячева Инга Александровна – канд. мед. наук, доцент, ВМедА им. С.М. Кирова.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inga A. Goriacheva – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor; S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">smoriarti@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5522-785X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хендрикс</surname><given-names>И. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Hendriks</surname><given-names>I. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хендрикс Ингрид Ф. – д-р философии, исследователь истории медицины; Лейденский университет.</p><p>Лейден</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ingrid F. Hendriks – PhD, MA, Researcher medical history Department of the Executive Board; Leiden University.</p><p>Leiden</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ingefhendriks@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7680-8837</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бур</surname><given-names>Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boer</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бур Фредерик – д-р медицины, профессор, зав. отделом по работе с пациентами медицинского центра Лейденского университета.</p><p>Лейден</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fredrik Boer – MD, PhD, Head of Patient Relations Department; Leiden University Medical Centre.</p><p>Leiden</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fboer@lumc.nl</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Журавлев</surname><given-names>Д. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhuravlev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Журавлев Дмитрий Алексеевич – д-р мед. наук, директор Военно-медицинского музея.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii A. Zhuravlev – Doct. Sci. (Med.), Head of Military Medical Museum.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">demetro_s@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7232-6419</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайворонский</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaivoronskii</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гайворонский Иван Васильевич – д-р. мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой нормальной анатомии ВМедА имени С.М. Кирова.</p><p>ул. Академика Лебедева, 6ж, Санкт-Петербург, 194044</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan V. Gaivoronskii – Doct. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of Normal Human Anatomy Department of S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy.</p><p>Akademika Lebedeva ul., 6zh, Saint-Petersburg, 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i.v.gaivoronsky@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова; Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy; Saint Petersburg State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Лейденский Университет<country>Нидерланды</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Leiden University<country>Netherlands</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Лейденский Университетский Медицинский Центр<country>Нидерланды</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Leiden University Medical Center<country>Netherlands</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинский музей<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">S.M. Kirov Military Medical Museum<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>95</fpage><lpage>106</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Горячева И.А., Хендрикс И.Ф., Бур Ф., Журавлев Д.A., Гайворонский И.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Горячева И.А., Хендрикс И.Ф., Бур Ф., Журавлев Д.A., Гайворонский И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Goriacheva I.A., Hendriks I.F., Boer F., Zhuravlev D.A., Gaivoronskii I.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2059">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2059</self-uri><abstract><p>Петр Великий (1672–1725) – российский император путешествовал по Европе во время так называемых «Великих посольств» с целью приобретения знаний в области науки и промышленного производства. В Амстердаме (Нидерланды) он получил в дар от Фредерика Рюйша образцы высушенных и влажных анатомических препаратов, состоящих из предметов как естественно-исторического, так и человеческого происхождения, и в настоящее время именуемых «малой коллекцией». Анатомическая часть коллекции состояла из 11 сухих и 13 влажных препаратов, частей тела человека. Она была исследована авторами в 2016 году среди экспонатов фундаментального музея кафедры нормальной анатомии Военно-медицинской академии (Санкт-Петербург, Россия). В статье мы описываем современное состояние этой исторической коллекции, которая сыграла важную роль в приобретении Петром Великим у Рюйша более обширной коллекции для Кунсткамеры (Музей антропологии и этнографии Петра Великого в Санкт-Петербурге). Коллекция Кунсткамеры открыта для посещения широкой публикой, и в результате хорошо известна по публикациям в литературе. Напротив, так называемая «малая коллекция» находилась с момента своего прибытия в Россию в 1698 г. в личном владении Петра Великого. Позже он разделил свою небольшую коллекцию в образовательных целях между Аптекарским приказом и медицинской школой Николааса Бидлоо. Около 1800 года обе части малой коллекции были воссоединены и переданы в Медико-хирургическую академию. Сегодня данная коллекция, по-прежнему, служит образовательным целям, но мало доступна для широкой публики. В связи с этим она остается практически неизвестной.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Peter the Great (1672–1725) – the Russian emperor travelled through Europe during the so-called “Great Embassies” to acquire knowledge in the field of science and industrial production. In Amsterdam (Netherlands), he received as a gift from Frederik Ruijsch samples of dried and wet anatomical specimens, consisting of objects of both natural history and human origin, and currently called the “small collection”. The anatomical part of the collection consisted of 11 dry and 13 wet specimens, parts of the human body. The authors rediscovered this collection in 2016 among the exhibits of the fundamental museum of the department of normal anatomy of the Military Medical Academy (St. Petersburg, Russia). In the article we describe the current state of this historical collection, which played an important role in the acquisition of a more extensive collection by Peter the Great from Ruysch for the Kunstkamera (Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography of Peter the Great in St. Petersburg). The Kunstkamera collection is open to the general public, and as a result is well known through publications in literature. On the contrary, the so-called “small collection” was, from the moment of its arrival in Russia in 1698, in the personal possession of Peter the Great. He later divided his small collection for educational purposes between the Aptekerskii Prikaz and the medical school of Nicolaas Bidloo. Around 1800, both parts of the small collection were reunited and transferred to the Medical-Surgical Academy. Today, this collection still serves educational purposes, but is not widely available to the general public. As a result, it remains virtually unknown.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>анатомия</kwd><kwd>история</kwd><kwd>медицина</kwd><kwd>Петр Великий</kwd><kwd>Рюйш</kwd><kwd>Нидерланды</kwd><kwd>Россия (до 1917 г.)</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anatomy</kwd><kwd>history</kwd><kwd>medicine</kwd><kwd>Peter the Great</kwd><kwd>Ruijsch</kwd><kwd>Netherlands</kwd><kwd>Russia (pre-1917)</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Получен грант от Голландского исследовательского совета.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>A grant was received from the Dutch Research Council (NWO). The authors are grateful for the immense help and support they received from Mrs Liudmila B. Narusova, President of the Anatoly Sobchak Foundation, for access to archives of museums and libraries in Saint Petersburg. They are also thankful to the Department of Culture of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation in Moscow and the management of the Military Medical Academy in Saint Petersburg for their help and enthusiasm. We are also grateful for support of the General Consulate of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Russian Embassy in the Netherlands. The authors collaborated during the conservation process with mr. A.J van Dam, Leiden Medical University Center; the sharing of his knowledge of fluid specimens with the research team is much appreciated. 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