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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2025-14-1-9-20</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-2057</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕРЕДОВЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммуногистохимическая верификация синапсов и применение машинного обучения для анализа синаптоархитектоники СА3 гиппокампа белых крыс в постишемическом периоде</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immunohistochemical Verification of Synapses and the Use of Machine Learning for the Analysis of the Synaptoarchitecture of the CA3 Hippocampus in White Rats During the Post-Ischemic Period</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0741-3337</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Степанов Сергей Степанович – д-р мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии.</p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei S. Stepanov – Doct. Sci. (Med.), Senior Rresearcher of Histology, Cytology and Embryology Department of Omsk State Medical University.</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8392-9514</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Степанов Александр Сергеевич – канд. мед. наук, зав. отделением хирургических методов лечения опухолей головы и шеи; Клинический онкологический диспансер Омской области.</p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr S. Stepanov – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Surgical Treatment of Head and Neck Tumors; Clinical Oncology Dispensary of Omsk Region.</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ctepan55@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3667-7905</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цускман</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsuskman</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цускман Ирина Геннадиевна – канд. ветеринар. наук, доцент кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии.</p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina G. Tsuskman – Cand. Sci. (Vet.), associate professor of the Department of histology, cytology and embryology of Omsk State Medical University.</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ira.tsuskman@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6097-7970</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акулинин</surname><given-names>В. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akulinin</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Акулинин Виктор Александрович – д-р. мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии.</p><p>ул. Ленина, 12, Омск, 644099</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor A. Akulinin – Doct. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of Histology, Cytology and Embryology Department of Omsk State Medical University.</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v_akulinin@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Омский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Omsk State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Степанов С.С., Степанов А.С., Цускман И.Г., Акулинин В.A., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Степанов С.С., Степанов А.С., Цускман И.Г., Акулинин В.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stepanov S.S., Stepanov A.S., Tsuskman I.G., Akulinin V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2057">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2057</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассмотрены методические аспекты применения алгоритмов машинного обучения для поиска новых возможностей в интерпретации межнейронных связей. Цель исследования – показать, что комбинация Ilastik и StarDist эффективна для морфометрической характеристики гигантских синаптических терминалей в stratum lucidum СА3 гиппокампа белых крыс в норме и в постишемическом периоде. Материал и методы. Ишемию головного мозга у белых крыс Wistar моделировали двусторонней окклюзией общих сонных артерий (ООСА) на 20 мин. Исследовались животные без воздействия (n=6, контроль) и через 6 ч, 1, 3, 7, 14 и 30 сут после ООСА (n=36). Использовали окраски гематоксилином и эозином, тионином по Нисслю, иммуногистохимическую реакцию на синаптофизин. Определяли численную плотность (ЧПТ), размеры, интенсивность окраски и площадь терминалей, применяли плагины Ilastik и StarDist на платформе ImageJ/Fiji. Статистический анализ проводили непараметрическими методами в программе Statistica 8.0. Результаты. Относительная площадь терминалей при ручном методе и машинном обучении не различалась. Машинное обучение предоставило дополнительную информацию о численной плотности, размерах и средней яркости терминалей. Через 6 ч после ООСА ЧПТ уменьшилась на 44,3%, но затем восстанавливалась в течение 7 сут. Средняя площадь терминалей была больше на 16,7% через 6 ч и 1 сут, а через 14 сут – меньше контрольного уровня. Яркость пикселей терминалей была обратно пропорциональна содержанию в них хромогена: увеличивалась через 6 ч и 1 сут после ООСА, затем восстанавливалась до уровня контроля. Корреляционные связи наблюдались между площадью и яркостью терминалей (R=0,78). Заключение. Использование комбинации Ilastik и StarDist позволило точно оценить численную плотности, размеры, форму, относительную площадь и интенсивность окраски синаптических терминалей в гиппокампе. В сравнении с ручным методом, применение машинного обучения обеспечило значительно больше информации о терминалях на цветных иммуногистохимических изображениях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This study examines the methodological aspects of applying machine learning algorithms to explore new opportunities in interpreting inter-neuronal connections. The aim was to demonstrate that the combination of Ilastik and StarDist is effective for the morphometric characterization of giant synaptic terminals in the stratum lucidum of CA3 in the hippocampus of white rats under normal conditions and in the post-ischemic period. Material and methods. Cerebral ischemia in Wistar white rats was modeled by bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries (OCCA) for 20 minutes. Animals were studied without intervention (n=6, control) and at 6 hours, 1, 3, 7, 14, and 30 days after OCCA (n=36). Staining with hematoxylin and eosin, Nissl staining with thionine, as well as immunohistochemical reaction for synaptophysin, were used. Numerical density (NDT), sizes, staining intensity, and area of the terminals were determined, and the Ilastik and StarDist plugins were applied on the ImageJ/Fiji platform. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric methods in Statistica 8.0. Results. The relative area of the terminals did not differ between the manual method and machine learning. Machine learning provided additional information on numerical density, sizes, and average brightness of the terminals. At 6 hours after OCCA, NDT decreased by 44.3%, but then recovered over 7 days. The average area of the terminals was 16.7% larger at 6 hours and 1 day, but smaller than the control level at 14 days. The brightness of the terminal pixels was inversely proportional to the content of chromogen: it increased at 6 hours and 1 day after OCCA, then returned to control levels. Correlations were observed between the area and brightness of the terminals (R=0.78). Conclusion. The use of the combination of Ilastik and StarDist allowed for accurate assessment of numerical density, sizes, shape, relative area, and staining intensity of synaptic terminals in the hippocampus. Compared to the manual method, the application of machine learning provided significantly more information about the terminals in color immunohistochemical images.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ишемия головного мозга</kwd><kwd>синапсы</kwd><kwd>гиппокамп</kwd><kwd>иммуногистохимия</kwd><kwd>морфометрия</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>brain ischemia</kwd><kwd>synapses</kwd><kwd>hippocampus</kwd><kwd>immunohistochemistry</kwd><kwd>morphometry</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авдеев Д.Б., Акулинин В.А., Степанов А.С., Горбунова А.В., Степанов С.С. Плейотропные ферменты апоптоза и синаптическая пластичность гиппокампа белых крыс после окклюзии общих сонных артерий. 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