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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-4-75-81</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-2028</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нейропластичность и содержание структурных элементов в аксоплазме тройничного нерва в процессе прорезывания постоянных зубов у человека</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Neuroplasticity and Content of Structural Elements in the Axoplasm of the Trigeminal Nerve During the Eruption of Permanent Teeth in Humans</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7777-6825</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чучкова</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chuchkova</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чучкова Наталья Николаевна – д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой медицинской биологии</p><p>ул. Коммунаров, 281, Ижевск, 426034</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natal'ya N. Chuchkova – Doct. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Medical Biology</p><p>ul. Kommunarov, 281, Izhevsk, 426034</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mig05@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3131-9201</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полякова</surname><given-names>О. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakova</surname><given-names>O. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полякова Ольга Леонтьевна – канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры анатомии и гистологии человека</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ol'ga L. Polyakova – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Anatomy and Histology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polyakova.olga.00@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1801-5353</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сметанина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smetanina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сметанина Марина Викторовна – канд. мед. наук, старший преподаватель кафедры медицинской биологии</p><p>Ижевск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Smetanina – Cand. Sci. (Med.), senior lecturer of the Department of Medical Biology</p><p>Izhevsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lisenok0910@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3390-4343</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пазиненко</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pazinenko</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пазиненко Ксения Андреевна – канд. биол. наук, старший преподаватель кафедры медицинской биологии</p><p>Ижевск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kseniya A. Pazinenko – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Lecturer of the Department of Medical Biology</p><p>Izhevsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k.pazinenko@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7713-0976</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чучков</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chuchkov</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чучков Виктор Михайлович – д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры физиологии, клеточной биологии и биотехнологии</p><p>Ижевск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor M. Chuchkov – Doct. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Physiology, Cell Biology and Biotechnology</p><p>Izhevsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vmchuchkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ижевская государственная медицинская академия</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Izhevsk State Medical Academy</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Удмуртский государственный университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Udmurt State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>75</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чучкова Н.Н., Полякова О.Л., Сметанина М.В., Пазиненко К.А., Чучков В.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чучкова Н.Н., Полякова О.Л., Сметанина М.В., Пазиненко К.А., Чучков В.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chuchkova N.N., Polyakova O.L., Smetanina M.V., Pazinenko K.A., Chuchkov V.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2028">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2028</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – выявить особенности количественного становления аксоплазматических органелл с преимущественным анализом составных частей цитоскелета аксонов (микротрубочек и нейрофиламентов) миелиновых и безмиелиновых нервных волокон в пульпе зубов при прорезывании постоянных зубов у человека. Материал и методы. Исследовали сосудисто-нервный пучок пульпы зубов у детей в возрасте 5, 10 и 14 лет. На ультрамикрофотографиях срезов пульпы при увеличении ×40000 измеряли диаметры миелиновых и безмиелиновых проводников; на 1 мкм2 аксоплазмы нервных проводников подсчитывали плотность расположения аксоплазматических органелл, количество микротрубочек и нейрофиламентов. Достоверность различий между группами оценивалась при помощи многофакторного дисперсионного анализа (MANOVA), значимость средних величин – по тесту Тьюки, корреляционный анализ проводился с помощью критерия Пирсона. Результаты. Процесс прорезывания постоянных зубов сопровождался плавным увеличением количества органелл, приходящихся на единицу площади поперечного сечения нерва независимо от его характеристик (миелиновый или безмиелиновый тип волокна). Наибольшая плотность расположения органелл отмечалась в волокнах большого диаметра как миелиновых, так и безмиелиновых проводников на всем протяжении указанного периода онтогенетического развития. Наличие миелина в оболочке нерва положительно коррелирует с насыщенностью микротрубочками в волокнах большого (r=0,267, р=0,001) и малого (r=0,314, р=0,000) диаметров, и отрицательно – в волокнах со средним диаметром (r=-0,246, р=0,002). Доля нейрофиламентов, представленная среди аксоплазматических органелл нейроплазмы в целом, была особенно велика в миелиновых и безмиелиновых нервных волокнах малого диаметра, составляя в среднем до 70%. Наличие миелиновой оболочки и диаметр волокна не связаны с плотностью расположения нейрофиламентов за исключением волокон среднего диаметра (r=0,195, p=0,001). Заключение. Процесс прорезывания постоянных зубов сопровождается увеличением числа органелл, элементов цитоскелета в аксоплазме нервных волокон, иннервирующих пульпу зуба, обеспечивающих морфологический субстрат нейропластичности, что необходимо учитывать, в процессе дентальной имплантации и протезирования зубов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the presented study was to identify the features of the quantitative formation of axoplasmic organelles with a primary analysis of the components of the axonal cytoskeleton (microtubules and neurofilaments) of myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibers in the dental pulp during the eruption of permanent teeth in humans. Material and methods. The neurovascular bundle of dental pulp was studied in children aged 5, 10 and 14 years. On ultramicrographs of pulp sections at a magnification of ×40000, the diameters of myelin and non-myelin conductors were measured; per 1 µm2 of axoplasm of nerve conductors, the density of axoplasmic organelles, the number of microtubules and neurofilaments were calculated. The reliability of differences between groups was assessed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), the significance of average values was assessed using the Tukey test, correlation analysis was carried out using the Pearson criterion. Results. The process of eruption of permanent teeth was accompanied by a gradual increase in the number of organelles per unit cross-sectional area of the nerve, regardless of its characteristics (myelinated or nonmyelinated fiber type). The highest density of organelles was observed in large-diameter fibers of both myelinated and non-myelinated conductors throughout the indicated segment of ontogenetic development. The presence of myelin in the nerve sheath correlates positively with microtubule saturation in fibers of large (r=0.267, p=0.001) and small (r=0.314, p=0.000) diameters, and negatively in fibers with medium diameter (r=-0.246, p=0.002). The proportion of neurofilaments represented among the axoplasmic organelles of the neuroplasm as a whole was especially high in myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers of small diameter, averaging up to 70%. The presence of the myelin sheath and fiber diameter are not associated with neurofilament density with the exception of medium-diameter fibers (r=0.195, p=0.001). Conclusion. The process of eruption of permanent teeth is accompanied by an increase in the number of organelles, cytoskeletal elements in the axoplasm of nerve fibers innervating the dental pulp, providing the morphological substrate of neuroplasticity, which must be taken into account, for example, in the process of dental implantation and dental prosthetics.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>прорезывание постоянных зубов</kwd><kwd>пульпо-дентинный комплекс</kwd><kwd>миелиновые волокна</kwd><kwd>безмиелиновые волокна</kwd><kwd>нейрофиламенты</kwd><kwd>микротрубочки</kwd><kwd>органеллы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>eruption of permanent teeth</kwd><kwd>pulp-dentin complex</kwd><kwd>myelinated fibers</kwd><kwd>non-myelinated fibers</kwd><kwd>neurofilaments</kwd><kwd>microtubules</kwd><kwd>organelles</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сирак С.В., Вафиади М.Ю., Неминущая Е.Г., Копылова И.А. 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