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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-4-9-21</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-2021</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕРЕДОВЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Неизвестный Сантьяго Рамон и Кахаль</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Unknown Santiago Ramon y Cajal</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1510-8543</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>Н. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alexeeva</surname><given-names>N T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексеева Наталия Тимофеевна – д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой нормальной анатомии человека</p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliya T. Alexeeva – Doct. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of Human Anatomy Department</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexeevant@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4100-9602</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевченко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevchenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шевченко Александр Алексеевич – канд. философ. наук, ассистент кафедры нормальной анатомии человека</p><p>ул. Студенческая, 10, Воронеж, 394036</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr A. Shevchenko – Cand. Sci. (Philos.), teaching assistant of Human Anatomy Department</p><p>ul. Studencheskaya, 10, Voronezh, 394036</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aalix2007@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2041-7607</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клочкова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klochkova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Клочкова Светлана Валерьевна – д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры анатомии человека</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana V. Klochkova – Doct. Sci. (Med.), Professor of Human Anatomy Department</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">swetlana.chava@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9542-8701</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соколов Дмитрий Александрович – канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры нормальной анатомии человека</p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii A. Sokolov – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of Human Anatomy Department</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cingulum@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2259-1222</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитюк</surname><given-names>Д. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikityuk</surname><given-names>D. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никитюк Дмитрий Борисович – д-р мед. наук, профессор, акад. РАН; директор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii B. Nikityuk – Doct. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Acad. of RAS, head of Federal Research Center for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dimitrynik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.Н. Бурденко<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи; Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">The Federal Research Centre of Biotechnology and Food Safety; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алексеева Н.Т., Шевченко А.А., Клочкова С.В., Соколов Д.А., Никитюк Д.Б., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алексеева Н.Т., Шевченко А.А., Клочкова С.В., Соколов Д.А., Никитюк Д.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alexeeva N.T., Shevchenko A.A., Klochkova S.V., Sokolov D.A., Nikityuk D.B.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2021">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2021</self-uri><abstract><p>Труды Рамон и Кахаля (1852–1934), заложившие в XIX веке основу современной нейронауки, по-прежнему остаются актуальными в наши дни. Его наиболее цитируемой работой является двухтомное руководство «Строение нервной системы человека и позвоночных», которое не было переведено на русский язык. В 2024 году исполнилось 120 лет с момента издания этого двухтомного энциклопедического труда, а также 90 лет со дня смерти Сантьяго Рамон и Кахаля. Настоящая статья приурочена к этим памятным датам и посвящена обзору основных событий личной и научной жизни этого нейроморфолога, художника, философа и методолога науки.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The research of Ramon y Cajal (1852–1934), which laid the foundations of modern neuroscience in the 19th century, remains relevant today. His most cited work is the two-volume manual “The Structure of the Nervous System of Human and Vertebrates”, which has not been translated into Russian. In 2024, it will be 120 years since the publication of this two-volume encyclopedic work, as well as 90 years since the death of Santiago Ramon y Cajal. This article is dedicated to these memorable dates and is devoted to an overview of the main events in the personal and scientific life of this neuromorphologist, artist, philosopher and scientific methodologist.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Рамон-и-Кахаль</kwd><kwd>история медицины</kwd><kwd>нейронауки</kwd><kwd>нейроморфология</kwd><kwd>анатомия</kwd><kwd>нервная система</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Ramon y Cajal</kwd><kwd>history of medicine</kwd><kwd>neuroscience</kwd><kwd>neuromorphology</kwd><kwd>anatomy</kwd><kwd>nervous system</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кахаль С.Р. Автобиография : (Воспоминания о моей жизни). Пер. англ. В.С. Воробьева. Под ред. [и с предисл.] А.В. Смольянникова, Д.С. Саркисова. М : Медицина. 1985. 271.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kakhal' S.R. 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