<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-2-79-92</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-1944</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные данные о структурно-функциональной организации островковой доли больших полушарий головного мозга</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Contemporary data on the structural and functional organization of the insular lobe of cerebral hemispheres</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1510-8543</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>Н. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alexeeva</surname><given-names>N. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексеева Наталия Тимофеевна – д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой нормальной анатомии человека</p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliya T. Alexeeva – Doct. Sci. (Med.), Prof.; head of human anatomy department</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexeevant@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2041-7607</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клочкова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klochkova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Клочкова Светлана Валерьевна – д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры анатомии человека</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana V. Klochkova – Doct. Sci. (Med.), Professor of human anatomy department</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">swetlana.chava@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9542-8701</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соколов Дмитрий Александрович – канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры нормальной анатомии человека</p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii A. Sokolov – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof. of Human Anatomy Department</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cingulum@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2259-1222</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитюк</surname><given-names>Д. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikityuk</surname><given-names>D. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никитюк Дмитрий Борисович – д-р мед. наук, профессор, акад. РАН, директор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii B. Nikityuk – Doct. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Acad. of RAS, head</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dimitrynik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.Н. Бурденко</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи; Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Federal Research Centre of Biotechnology and Food Safety; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>79</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алексеева Н.Т., Клочкова С.В., Соколов Д.А., Никитюк Д.Б., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алексеева Н.Т., Клочкова С.В., Соколов Д.А., Никитюк Д.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alexeeva N.T., Klochkova S.V., Sokolov D.A., Nikityuk D.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1944">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1944</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлен анализ данных современной литературы, посвященных структурно-функциональной организации островковой доли больших полушарий головного мозга. У взрослого человека островоковая доля расположена в глубине латеральной борозды под лобно-теменной и височной покрышками и разделена центральной бороздой островка на две дольки – переднюю и заднюю. Рельеф борозд и извилин островка обладает индивидуальной вариабельность. Островок получает кровоснабжение из сегмента М2 средней мозговой артерии. Описание цитоархитектоники коры островка по данных разных авторов имеет существенные различия. Считается, что инсулярная кора является переходной областью от палеокортекса к неокортексу. В отечественной литературе описаны два основных цитоархитектонических поля – 13, соответствующее задним отделам островка и 14, занимающее переднюю центральную извилину островка, его короткие извилины, а также ряд подполей. В зарубежной литературе выделяют семь цитоархитектонических зон – Ia1, Ig3, Id2, Id3, Id4, Id5, Id6. Островковая доля получает афферентные проекции от ядер таламуса и ряда отделов коры головного мозга, ответственных за восприятие сенсорных стимулов. Имеются связи с миндалевидным телом и некоторыми структурами лимбической системы, ассоциативной коры. Эфферентные проекции коры островка расходятся как к структурам ствола мозга, так и к подкорковым образованиям – латеральному гипоталамусу, миндалине, ядрам моста, ядрам ложа конечной полоски, ядру одиночного пути и ряду других образований, связанных с контролем вегетативных функций. В функциональном плане в островке выделяют четыре отдела: сенсомоторный, социоэмоциональный, когнитивный, хемосенсорный. Сенсомоторный отдел обеспечивает ряд висцеральных реакций, что указывает на его участие в регуляции вегетативных функций организма. Он обеспечивает восприятие соматически чувствительных импульсов с области лица и верхних конечностей. Описана роль островка в термо- и ноцицепции. Известно об участии коры островка в работе слухового анализатора, обработке вкусовых ощущений, вестибулярных сигналов, обоняния. Считается, что передне-вентральный отдел островка играет ключевую роль в формировании эмоций и субъективных ощущений, а также принятии решений, сопряженных с риском. Передне-дорсальный отдел ответственен за интеграцию сенсорных стимулов из внешней среды с внутренними данными о состоянии организма и эмоциональным состоянием с целью координировать работу сетей головного мозга и инициировать переключение между сетью пассивного режима работы мозга и сетью оперативного решения задач.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents an analysis of contemporary literature data on the structural and functional organization of the insular lobe of cerebral hemispheres. In adults, the insular lobe is located deep in the lateral sulcus under the frontoparietal and temporal opercula and is divided by the central sulcus of insula into two lobes – anterior and posterior. The relief of the sulci and gyri of the insula has individual variability. The insula receives blood supply from the M2 segment of the middle cerebral artery. The description of the cytoarchitectonics of the insular cortex according to different authors has significant differences. It is believed that the insular cortex is a transitional area from the paleocortex to the neocortex. In the domestic literature, two main cytoarchitectonic fields are described – 13, corresponding to the posterior parts of the insula and 14, occupying the anterior central gyrus of the insula, its short gyri, as well as a number of subregions. In foreign literature, seven cytoarchitectonic zones are distinguished: Ia1, Ig3, Id2, Id3, Id4, Id5, Id6. The insular lobe receives afferent projections from the thalamic nuclei and a number of parts of the cerebral cortex responsible for the perception of sensory stimuli. There are connections with the amygdala and some structures of the limbic system, the associative cortex. Efferent projections of the insular cortex diverge both to the structures of the brainstem and to the subcortical formations: the lateral hypothalamus, amygdala, pontine nuclei, bed nuclei of the stria terminalis, the nucleus of the solitary tract and a number of other formations associated with the control of autonomic functions. In functional terms, four sections are distinguished in the insula: sensorimotor, socioemotional, cognitive, chemosensory. The sensorimotor department ensures a number of visceral reactions, which indicates its participation in the regulation of the autonomic functions of the body. It ensures the perception of somatically sensitive impulses from the face and upper limbs. The role of the insula in thermo- and nociception is described. It is known about the participation of the insular cortex in functioning of the auditory analyzer, processing of taste sensations, vestibular signals, and olfaction. It is believed that the anterior-ventral part of the insula plays a key role in the formation of emotions and subjective sensations, as well as in making decisions associated with risk. The anterior-dorsal department is responsible for the integration of sensory stimuli from the external environment with internal data on the state of the body and the emotional state in order to coordinate the work of brain networks and initiate switching between the network of the passive mode of brain operation and the network of operational problem solving.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>головной мозг</kwd><kwd>островковая доля</kwd><kwd>инсулярная кора</kwd><kwd>цитоархитектоника</kwd><kwd>висцерорецепция</kwd><kwd>интегративные центры головного мозга</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>brain</kwd><kwd>insular lobe</kwd><kwd>insular cortex</kwd><kwd>cytoarchitecture</kwd><kwd>visceroreception</kwd><kwd>integrative centers of brain</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Александров В.Г., Кокурина Т.Н., Рыбакова Г.И., Туманова Т.С. Автономные функции префронтальной коры. Физиология человека. 2021;47 (5): 110–117.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aleksandrov V.G., Kokurina T.N., Rybakova G.I., Tumanova T.S. Autonomic functions of the prefrontal cortex. Human Physiology. 2021;47 (5): 571–578 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Быканов А.Е., Пицхелаури Д.И., Добровольский Г.Ф., Шкарубо М.А. Хирургическая анатомия островковой области. Вопросы нейрохирургии им. Н.Н. Бурденко. 2015; 79(4): 48–60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bykanov A.E., Pitskhelauri D.I., Dobrovol'skiy G.F., Shkarubo M.A. Surgical anatomy of the insular cortex. Zhurnal voprosy neirokhirurgii imeni N. N. Burdenko. 2015; 79(4): 48-60 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Станкевич И.А. Инсулярная область. В кн.: Цитоархитектоника коры большого мозга человека ; ред.: С.А. Саркисов, И.Н. Филимонов, Н.С. Преображенская. М.: Медгиз, 1949: 381–389.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stankevich I.A. Insulyarnaya oblast'. Tsitoarkhitektonika kory bol'shogo mozga cheloveka ; eds.: S.A. Sarkisov, I.N. Filimonov, N.S. Preobrazhenskaya. M.: Medgiz, 1949: 381–389 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Afif A, Bouvier R, Buenerd A, Trouillas J, Mertens P. Development of the human fetal insular cortex: study of the gyration from 13 to 28 gestational weeks. Brain Struct Funct. 2007;212(3-4):335-346. doi:10.1007/s00429-007-0161-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">4. Afif A, Bouvier R, Buenerd A, Trouillas J, Mertens P. Development of the human fetal insular cortex: study of the gyration from 13 to 28 gestational weeks. Brain Struct Funct. 2007;212(3-4):335-346. doi:10.1007/s00429-007-0161-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Afif A, Mertens P. Description of sulcal organization of the insular cortex. Surgical and radiologic anatomy.2010;32:491-498. doi:10.1007/s00276-009-0598-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Afif A, Mertens P. Description of sulcal organization of the insular cortex. Surgical and radiologic anatomy.2010;32:491-498. doi:10.1007/s00276-009-0598-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amunts K, Zilles K. Architectonic Mapping of the Human Brain beyond Brodmann. Neuron. 2015;88(6):1086-1107. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.12.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amunts K, Zilles K. Architectonic Mapping of the Human Brain beyond Brodmann. Neuron. 2015;88(6):1086-1107. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.12.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Augustine JR. Circuitry and functional aspects of the insular lobe in primates including humans. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1996;22(3):229-244. doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(96)00011-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Augustine JR. Circuitry and functional aspects of the insular lobe in primates including humans. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1996;22(3):229-244. doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(96)00011-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baier B, zu Eulenburg P, Geber C, et al. Insula and sensory insular cortex and somatosensory control in patients with insular stoke. Eur J Pain. 2014;18:1385–1393.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baier B, zu Eulenburg P, Geber C, et al. Insula and sensory insular cortex and somatosensory control in patients with insular stoke. Eur J Pain. 2014;18:1385–1393.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bauernfeind AL, de Sousa AA, Avasthi T, et al. A volumetric comparison of the insular cortex and its subregions in primates. J Hum Evol. 2013;64(4):263-279. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.12.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bauernfeind AL, de Sousa AA, Avasthi T, et al. A volumetric comparison of the insular cortex and its subregions in primates. J Hum Evol. 2013;64(4):263-279. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.12.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bonthius DJ, Solodkin A, Van Hoesen GW. Pathology of the insular cortex in Alzheimer disease depends on cortical architecture. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2005;64(10):910-922. doi:10.1097/01.jnen.0000182983.87106.d1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bonthius DJ, Solodkin A, Van Hoesen GW. Pathology of the insular cortex in Alzheimer disease depends on cortical architecture. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2005;64(10):910-922. doi:10.1097/01.jnen.0000182983.87106.d1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borg C, Bedoin N, Peyron R, Bogey S, Laurent B, Thomas-Antérion C. Impaired emotional processing in a patient with a left posterior insula-SII lesion. Neurocase. 2013;19:592–603.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borg C, Bedoin N, Peyron R, Bogey S, Laurent B, Thomas-Antérion C. Impaired emotional processing in a patient with a left posterior insula-SII lesion. Neurocase. 2013;19:592–603.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boucher O, Turgeon C, Champoux S, et al. Hyperacusis following unilateral damage to the insular cortex: a three-case report. Brain Res. 2015;1606:102–112.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boucher O, Turgeon C, Champoux S, et al. Hyperacusis following unilateral damage to the insular cortex: a three-case report. Brain Res. 2015;1606:102–112.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brockhaus H. Die Cyto-und Myeloarchitektonik des Cortex claustralis und des Claustrum beim Menschen //J Psychol Neurol. – 1940. – Т. 49. – №. 4-6. – С. 249-348.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brockhaus H. Die Cyto-und Myeloarchitektonik des Cortex claustralis und des Claustrum beim Menschen //J Psychol Neurol. – 1940. – Т. 49. – №. 4-6. – С. 249-348.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brodmann, K., 1909. Vergleichende Lokalisationslehre der Großhirnrinde. Leipz. Barth 343</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brodmann, K., 1909. Vergleichende Lokalisationslehre der Großhirnrinde. Leipz. Barth 343</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Butti C, Hof PR. The insular cortex: a comparative perspective. Brain Struct Funct. 2010;214(5-6):477-493. doi:10.1007/s00429-010-0264-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Butti C, Hof PR. The insular cortex: a comparative perspective. Brain Struct Funct. 2010;214(5-6):477-493. doi:10.1007/s00429-010-0264-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cai W, Chen T, Ryali S, Kochalka J, Li CS, Menon V. Causal Interactions Within a Frontal-Cingulate-Parietal Network During Cognitive Control: Convergent Evidence from a Multisite-Multitask Investigation. Cereb Cortex. 2016;26(5):2140–2153.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cai W, Chen T, Ryali S, Kochalka J, Li CS, Menon V. Causal Interactions Within a Frontal-Cingulate-Parietal Network During Cognitive Control: Convergent Evidence from a Multisite-Multitask Investigation. Cereb Cortex. 2016;26(5):2140–2153.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Calder AJ, Keane J, Manes F, Antoun N, Young AW. Impaired recognition and experience of disgust following brain injury. Nat Neurosci. 2000;3:1077–1078.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Calder AJ, Keane J, Manes F, Antoun N, Young AW. Impaired recognition and experience of disgust following brain injury. Nat Neurosci. 2000;3:1077–1078.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cauda F, D'Agata F, Sacco K, Duca S, Geminiani G, Vercelli A. Functional connectivity of the insula in the resting brain. Neuroimage. 2011;55(1):8-23. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.11.049</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cauda F, D'Agata F, Sacco K, Duca S, Geminiani G, Vercelli A. Functional connectivity of the insula in the resting brain. Neuroimage. 2011;55(1):8-23. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.11.049</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Christoforidis GA, Mohammad Y, Kehagias D, et al. Angiographic assessment of pial collaterals as a prognostic indicator following intra-arterial thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2005;26:1789–97</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Christoforidis GA, Mohammad Y, Kehagias D, et al. Angiographic assessment of pial collaterals as a prognostic indicator following intra-arterial thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2005;26:1789–97</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Craig A.D. An interoceptive neuroanatomical perspective on feelings, energy, and effort. The Behavioral and brain sciences. 2013;36:685-686; discussion 707-626.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Craig A.D. An interoceptive neuroanatomical perspective on feelings, energy, and effort. The Behavioral and brain sciences. 2013;36:685-686; discussion 707-626.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Craig AD. How do you feel — now? The anterior insula and human awareness. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2009;10:59–70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Craig AD. How do you feel — now? The anterior insula and human awareness. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2009;10:59–70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cunha-Cabral D, Silva SM, Alves H, Vaz RP, Pereira PA, Andrade JP. Neurosurgical anatomy of the insular cortex. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2019;186:105530. doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2019.105530</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cunha-Cabral D, Silva SM, Alves H, Vaz RP, Pereira PA, Andrade JP. Neurosurgical anatomy of the insular cortex. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2019;186:105530. doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2019.105530</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cunningham DJ. Development of the Gyri and Sulci on the Surface of the Island of Reil of the Human Brain. J Anat Physiol. 1891;25(Pt 3):338-348.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cunningham DJ. Development of the Gyri and Sulci on the Surface of the Island of Reil of the Human Brain. J Anat Physiol. 1891;25(Pt 3):338-348.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Demirtaş OK, Güngör A, Çeltikçi P, et al. Microsurgical anatomy and insular connectivity of the cerebral opercula. J Neurosurg. 2022;137(5):1509-1523. Published 2022 Mar 18. doi:10.3171/2021.12.JNS212297</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Demirtaş OK, Güngör A, Çeltikçi P, et al. Microsurgical anatomy and insular connectivity of the cerebral opercula. J Neurosurg. 2022;137(5):1509-1523. Published 2022 Mar 18. doi:10.3171/2021.12.JNS212297</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dennis EL, Jahanshad N, McMahon KL, et al. Development of insula connectivity between ages 12 and 30 revealed by high angular resolution diffusion imaging. Hum Brain Mapp. 2014;35(4):1790-1800. doi:10.1002/hbm.22292</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dennis EL, Jahanshad N, McMahon KL, et al. Development of insula connectivity between ages 12 and 30 revealed by high angular resolution diffusion imaging. Hum Brain Mapp. 2014;35(4):1790-1800. doi:10.1002/hbm.22292</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Di Stefano V, De Angelis MV, Montemitro C, et al. Clinical presentation of strokes confined to the insula: a systematic review of literature [published correction appears in Neurol Sci. 2023 Feb;44(2):785. doi: 10.1007/s10072-022-06418-9]. Neurol Sci. 2021;42(5):1697-1704. doi:10.1007/s10072-021-05109-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Di Stefano V, De Angelis MV, Montemitro C, et al. Clinical presentation of strokes confined to the insula: a systematic review of literature [published correction appears in Neurol Sci. 2023 Feb;44(2):785. doi: 10.1007/s10072-022-06418-9]. Neurol Sci. 2021;42(5):1697-1704. doi:10.1007/s10072-021-05109-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dionisio S, Mayoglou L, Cho SM, et al. Connectivity of the human insula: A cortico-cortical evoked potential (CCEP) study. Cortex. 2019;120:419-442. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2019.05.019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dionisio S, Mayoglou L, Cho SM, et al. Connectivity of the human insula: A cortico-cortical evoked potential (CCEP) study. Cortex. 2019;120:419-442. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2019.05.019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dronkers NF. A new brain region for coordinating speech articulation. Nature. 1996;384:159–61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dronkers NF. A new brain region for coordinating speech articulation. Nature. 1996;384:159–61.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duffau H, Capelle L, Lopes M, Faillot T, Sichez JP, Fohanno D. The insular lobe: physiopathological and surgical considerations. Neurosurgery. 2000;47:801-810; discussion 810-801.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duffau H, Capelle L, Lopes M, Faillot T, Sichez JP, Fohanno D. The insular lobe: physiopathological and surgical considerations. Neurosurgery. 2000;47:801-810; discussion 810-801.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Evrard HC. The Organization of the Primate Insular Cortex. Front Neuroanat. 2019;13:43. Published 2019 May 8. doi:10.3389/fnana.2019.00043</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evrard HC. The Organization of the Primate Insular Cortex. Front Neuroanat. 2019;13:43. Published 2019 May 8. doi:10.3389/fnana.2019.00043</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Evrard HC, Logothetis NK, Craig AD. Modular architectonic organization of the insula in the macaque monkey. J Comp Neurol. 2014;522(1):64-97. doi:10.1002/cne.23436</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evrard HC, Logothetis NK, Craig AD. Modular architectonic organization of the insula in the macaque monkey. J Comp Neurol. 2014;522(1):64-97. doi:10.1002/cne.23436</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fajardo C, Escobar MI, Buriticá E, et al. Von Economo neurons are present in the dorsolateral (dysgranular) prefrontal cortex of humans. Neurosci Lett. 2008;435(3):215-218. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2008.02.048</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fajardo C, Escobar MI, Buriticá E, et al. Von Economo neurons are present in the dorsolateral (dysgranular) prefrontal cortex of humans. Neurosci Lett. 2008;435(3):215-218. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2008.02.048</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fan Y, Duncan NW, de Greck M, Northoff G. Is there a core neural network in empathy? An fMRI based quantitative meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2011;35:903–911.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fan Y, Duncan NW, de Greck M, Northoff G. Is there a core neural network in empathy? An fMRI based quantitative meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2011;35:903–911.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gallay MN, Jeanmonod D, Liu J, Morel A. Human pallidothalamic and cerebellothalamic tracts: anatomical basis for functional stereotactic neurosurgery. Brain Struct Funct. 2008;212(6):443-463. doi:10.1007/s00429-007-0170-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gallay MN, Jeanmonod D, Liu J, Morel A. Human pallidothalamic and cerebellothalamic tracts: anatomical basis for functional stereotactic neurosurgery. Brain Struct Funct. 2008;212(6):443-463. doi:10.1007/s00429-007-0170-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garcia-Larrea L, Mauguie`re F. Pain syndroms and the parietal lobe. In: Vallar G, Coslett HB, editors. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, The Parietal Lobe, Vol. 151. 2018. p. 207–23 [3rd series].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garcia-Larrea L, Mauguie`re F. Pain syndroms and the parietal lobe. In: Vallar G, Coslett HB, editors. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, The Parietal Lobe, Vol. 151. 2018. p. 207–23 [3rd series].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grodzinsky Y, Deschamps I, Pieperhoff P, et al. Logical negation mapped onto the brain. Brain Struct Funct. 2020;225(1):19-31. doi:10.1007/s00429-019-01975-w</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grodzinsky Y, Deschamps I, Pieperhoff P, et al. Logical negation mapped onto the brain. Brain Struct Funct. 2020;225(1):19-31. doi:10.1007/s00429-019-01975-w</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guenot M, Isnard J, Sindou M. Surgical anatomy of the insula. Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg. 2004;29:265-288. doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-0558-0_7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guenot M, Isnard J, Sindou M. Surgical anatomy of the insula. Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg. 2004;29:265-288. doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-0558-0_7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harlé KM, Chang LJ, van ‘t Wout M, Sanfey AG. The neural mechanisms of affect infusion in social economic decision-making: a mediating role of the anterior insula. Neuroimage. 2012;61:32–40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harlé KM, Chang LJ, van ‘t Wout M, Sanfey AG. The neural mechanisms of affect infusion in social economic decision-making: a mediating role of the anterior insula. Neuroimage. 2012;61:32–40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">James W. Physical basis of emotion. Psychol Rev. 1894;1:516–529. reprinted in Psychol Rev. 1994; 101: 205–210.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">James W. Physical basis of emotion. Psychol Rev. 1894;1:516–529. reprinted in Psychol Rev. 1994; 101: 205–210.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kalani MY, Kalani MA, Gwinn R, Keogh B, Tse VC. Embryological development of the human insula and its implications for the spread and resection of insular gliomas. Neurosurg Focus. 2009;27(2):E2. doi:10.3171/2009.5.FOCUS0997</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalani MY, Kalani MA, Gwinn R, Keogh B, Tse VC. Embryological development of the human insula and its implications for the spread and resection of insular gliomas. Neurosurg Focus. 2009;27(2):E2. doi:10.3171/2009.5.FOCUS0997</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karnath HO, Baier B. Right insula for our sense of limb ownership and self-awareness of actions. Brain Struct Funct. 2010;214(5-6):411-417. doi:10.1007/s00429-010-0250-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karnath HO, Baier B. Right insula for our sense of limb ownership and self-awareness of actions. Brain Struct Funct. 2010;214(5-6):411-417. doi:10.1007/s00429-010-0250-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klabunde M, Weems CF, Raman M, Carrion VG. The moderating effects of sex on insula subdivision structure in youth with posttraumatic stress symptoms. Depress Anxiety. 2017;34(1):51-58. doi:10.1002/da.22577</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klabunde M, Weems CF, Raman M, Carrion VG. The moderating effects of sex on insula subdivision structure in youth with posttraumatic stress symptoms. Depress Anxiety. 2017;34(1):51-58. doi:10.1002/da.22577</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurth F., Zilles K., Fox P.T., Laird A.R., Eickhoff S.B. A link between the systems: functional differentiation and integration within the human insula revealed by meta-analysis. Brain Struct Funct. 2010; 214(5-6): 519-534. doi:10.1007/s00429-010-0255-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurth F., Zilles K., Fox P.T., Laird A.R., Eickhoff S.B. A link between the systems: functional differentiation and integration within the human insula revealed by meta-analysis. Brain Struct Funct. 2010; 214(5-6): 519-534. doi:10.1007/s00429-010-0255-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lamm C, Singer T. The role of anterior insular cortex in social emotions. Brain Struct Funct. 2010;214:579–591.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lamm C, Singer T. The role of anterior insular cortex in social emotions. Brain Struct Funct. 2010;214:579–591.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lange CG. The mechanism of emotions. In: Rand B, editor. The Classical Psychologist. Boston: Houghton Mifflin; 1885. pp. 672–685.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lange CG. The mechanism of emotions. In: Rand B, editor. The Classical Psychologist. Boston: Houghton Mifflin; 1885. pp. 672–685.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Markett S, Heeren G, Montag C, Weber B, Reuter M. Loss aversion is associated with bilateral insula volume. A voxel based morphometry study. Neurosci Lett. 619:172–176.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Markett S, Heeren G, Montag C, Weber B, Reuter M. Loss aversion is associated with bilateral insula volume. A voxel based morphometry study. Neurosci Lett. 619:172–176.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mazzola L, Mauguière F, Isnard J. Functional mapping of the human insula: Data from electrical stimulations. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2019;175(3):150-156. doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2018.12.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mazzola L, Mauguière F, Isnard J. Functional mapping of the human insula: Data from electrical stimulations. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2019;175(3):150-156. doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2018.12.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Menon V, Gallardo G, Pinsk MA, et al. Microstructural organization of human insula is linked to its macrofunctional circuitry and predicts cognitive control. Elife. 2020;9:e53470. Published 2020 Jun 4. doi:10.7554/eLife.53470</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Menon V, Gallardo G, Pinsk MA, et al. Microstructural organization of human insula is linked to its macrofunctional circuitry and predicts cognitive control. Elife. 2020;9:e53470. Published 2020 Jun 4. doi:10.7554/eLife.53470</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mesulam, M.M., Mufson, E.J., Peters, A., Jones, E.G., 1985. The insula of reil in man and monkey. In: Association and Auditory Cortices. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp. 179–226. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4757-9619-3_5 .</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mesulam, M.M., Mufson, E.J., Peters, A., Jones, E.G., 1985. The insula of reil in man and monkey. In: Association and Auditory Cortices. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp. 179–226. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4757-9619-3_5 .</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morel A., Gallay M.N., Baechler A., Wyss M., Gallay D.S. The human insula: Architectonic organization and postmortem MRI. registration. Neuroscience. 2013; 236: 117-135. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.12.076</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morel A., Gallay M.N., Baechler A., Wyss M., Gallay D.S. The human insula: Architectonic organization and postmortem MRI. registration. Neuroscience. 2013; 236: 117-135. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.12.076</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mutschler I, Wieckhorst B, Kowalevski S, et al. Functional organization of the human anterior insular cortex [published correction appears in Neurosci Lett. 2009 Oct 2;463(2):166]. Neurosci Lett. 2009;457(2):66-70. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2009.03.101</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mutschler I, Wieckhorst B, Kowalevski S, et al. Functional organization of the human anterior insular cortex [published correction appears in Neurosci Lett. 2009 Oct 2;463(2):166]. Neurosci Lett. 2009;457(2):66-70. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2009.03.101</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nieuwenhuys R. The insular cortex: a review. Prog Brain Res. 2012;195:123-163. doi:10.1016/B978-0444-53860-4.00007-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nieuwenhuys R. The insular cortex: a review. Prog Brain Res. 2012;195:123-163. doi:10.1016/B978-0444-53860-4.00007-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nieuwenhuys R. The myeloarchitectonic studies on the human cerebral cortex of the Vogt-Vogt school, and their significance for the interpretation of functional neuroimaging data. Brain Struct Funct. 2013;218(2):303-352. doi:10.1007/s00429-012-0460-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nieuwenhuys R. The myeloarchitectonic studies on the human cerebral cortex of the Vogt-Vogt school, and their significance for the interpretation of functional neuroimaging data. Brain Struct Funct. 2013;218(2):303-352. doi:10.1007/s00429-012-0460-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Payabvash S, Souza LCS, Wang Y, et al. Regional ischemic vulnerability of the brain to hypoperfusion: the need for location specific computed tomography perfusion thresholds in acute stroke patients. Stroke 2011;42:1255–60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Payabvash S, Souza LCS, Wang Y, et al. Regional ischemic vulnerability of the brain to hypoperfusion: the need for location specific computed tomography perfusion thresholds in acute stroke patients. Stroke 2011;42:1255–60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quabs J, Caspers S, Schöne C, et al. Cytoarchitecture, probability maps and segregation of the human insula. Neuroimage. 2022;260:119453. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119453</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Quabs J, Caspers S, Schöne C, et al. Cytoarchitecture, probability maps and segregation of the human insula. Neuroimage. 2022;260:119453. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119453</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raghu ALB, Parker T, van Wyk A, Green AL. Insula stroke: the weird and the worrisome. Postgrad Med J. 2019;95(1127):497-504. doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2019-136732</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raghu ALB, Parker T, van Wyk A, Green AL. Insula stroke: the weird and the worrisome. Postgrad Med J. 2019;95(1127):497-504. doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2019-136732</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rose, M., 1928. Die inselrinde des menschen und der tiere. J. Psychol. Neurol. 37, 467–624</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rose, M., 1928. Die inselrinde des menschen und der tiere. J. Psychol. Neurol. 37, 467–624</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Royer J, Paquola C, Larivière S, et al. Myeloarchitecture gradients in the human insula: Histological underpinnings and association to intrinsic functional connectivity. Neuroimage. 2020;216:116859. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116859</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Royer J, Paquola C, Larivière S, et al. Myeloarchitecture gradients in the human insula: Histological underpinnings and association to intrinsic functional connectivity. Neuroimage. 2020;216:116859. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116859</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shura RD, Hurley RA, Taber KH. Insular cortex: structural and functional neuroanatomy. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2014;26(4):276-282. doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.260401</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shura RD, Hurley RA, Taber KH. Insular cortex: structural and functional neuroanatomy. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2014;26(4):276-282. doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.260401</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singer T, Critchley HD, Preuschoff K. A common role of insula in feelings, empathy and uncertainty. Trends Cogn Sci. 2009;13:334–340.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singer T, Critchley HD, Preuschoff K. A common role of insula in feelings, empathy and uncertainty. Trends Cogn Sci. 2009;13:334–340.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spreen O, Benton AL, Fincham RW. Auditory agnosia without aphasia. Arch Neurol. 1965;13:84–92</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spreen O, Benton AL, Fincham RW. Auditory agnosia without aphasia. Arch Neurol. 1965;13:84–92</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sridharan D, Levitin DJ, Menon V. A critical role for the right fronto-insular cortex in switching between central-executive and default-mode networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105(34):12569–12574.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sridharan D, Levitin DJ, Menon V. A critical role for the right fronto-insular cortex in switching between central-executive and default-mode networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105(34):12569–12574.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stimpson CD, Tetreault NA, Allman JM, et al: Biochemical specificity of von Economo neurons in hominoids. Am J Hum Biol 2011; 23:22–28</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stimpson CD, Tetreault NA, Allman JM, et al: Biochemical specificity of von Economo neurons in hominoids. Am J Hum Biol 2011; 23:22–28</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tanriover N, Rhoton ALJr, Kawashima M, Ulm AJ, Yasuda A. Microsurgical anatomy of the insula and the sylvian fissure. Journal of neurosurgery. 2004;100:891-922</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tanriover N, Rhoton ALJr, Kawashima M, Ulm AJ, Yasuda A. Microsurgical anatomy of the insula and the sylvian fissure. Journal of neurosurgery. 2004;100:891-922</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tayah T, Savard M, Desbiens R, Nguyen DK. Ictal bradycardia and asystole in an adult with a focal left insular lesion. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2013;115:1885–1887.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tayah T, Savard M, Desbiens R, Nguyen DK. Ictal bradycardia and asystole in an adult with a focal left insular lesion. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2013;115:1885–1887.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Türe U, Yaşargil DC, Al-Mefty O, Yaşargil MG. Topographic anatomy of the insular region. J Neurosurg. 1999;90(4):720-733. doi:10.3171/jns.1999.90.4.0720</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Türe U, Yaşargil DC, Al-Mefty O, Yaşargil MG. Topographic anatomy of the insular region. J Neurosurg. 1999;90(4):720-733. doi:10.3171/jns.1999.90.4.0720</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uddin LQ, Nomi JS, Hébert-Seropian B, Ghaziri J, Boucher O. Structure and Function of the Human Insula. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2017;34(4):300-306. doi:10.1097/WNP.0000000000000377</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uddin LQ, Nomi JS, Hébert-Seropian B, Ghaziri J, Boucher O. Structure and Function of the Human Insula. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2017;34(4):300-306. doi:10.1097/WNP.0000000000000377</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Varnavas GG, Grand W. The insular cortex: morphological and vascular anatomic characteristics. Neurosurgery.1999;44:127-136; discussion 136-128.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Varnavas GG, Grand W. The insular cortex: morphological and vascular anatomic characteristics. Neurosurgery.1999;44:127-136; discussion 136-128.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wager TD, Barrett LF. From affect to control: Functional specialization of the insula in motivation and regulation. 2017. doi:10.1101/102368.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wager TD, Barrett LF. From affect to control: Functional specialization of the insula in motivation and regulation. 2017. doi:10.1101/102368.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Woolnough O, Forseth KJ, Rollo PS, Tandon N. Uncovering the functional anatomy of the human insula during speech. Elife. 2019;8:e53086. Published 2019 Dec 19. doi:10.7554/eLife.53086</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Woolnough O, Forseth KJ, Rollo PS, Tandon N. Uncovering the functional anatomy of the human insula during speech. Elife. 2019;8:e53086. Published 2019 Dec 19. doi:10.7554/eLife.53086</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zilles K, Amunts K. Centenary of Brodmann's map--conception and fate. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2010;11(2):139-145. doi:10.1038/nrn2776</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zilles K, Amunts K. Centenary of Brodmann's map--conception and fate. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2010;11(2):139-145. doi:10.1038/nrn2776</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
