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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-2-71-78</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-1943</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Морфофункциональная организация тимуса плодов человека на поздних этапах фетального периода</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphofunctional organization of the thymus of human fetuses in the late stages of the fetal period</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3019-3053</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юрчинский</surname><given-names>В. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yurchinskii</surname><given-names>V. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрчинский Владислав Янович – канд. биол. наук, доцент кафедры биологии</p><p>ул. Крупской, 28, Смоленск, 214019</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladislav Ya. Yurchinskii – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), associate professor of the Department of biology</p><p>ul. Krupskoi, 28, Smolensk, 214019</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zool72@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2949-1432</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ерофеева</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Erofeeva</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ерофеева Людмила Михайловна – д-р. биол. наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila M. Erofeeva – Doct. Sci. (Biol.), professor, leading researcher</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gystology@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-1698</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шистерова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shisterova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шистерова Оксана Александровна – канд. мед. наук, доцент, заведующая патологоанатомическим отделением</p><p>Смоленск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oksana A. Shisterova – Cand. Sci. (Med.), associate professor, head of the Department of Pathology</p><p>Smolensk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shisterova.oksana@gmail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Смоленский государственный медицинский университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Smolensk State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт морфологии человека им. акад. А.П. Авцына Российского научного центра хирургии им. акад. Б.В. Петровского<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of B.V. Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Смоленский областной онкологический клинический диспансер<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Smolensk Regional Oncology Clinical Dispensary<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>71</fpage><lpage>78</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Юрчинский В.Я., Ерофеева Л.М., Шистерова О.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Юрчинский В.Я., Ерофеева Л.М., Шистерова О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yurchinskii V.Y., Erofeeva L.M., Shisterova O.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1943">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1943</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – выявить особенности морфофункциональной организации тимуса плодов человека на основе количественной оценки субпопуляций Т-лимфоцитов с фенотипом CD4+ и CD8+. Материал и методы. Материалом для исследования служили тимусы мертворожденных детей (n=16) в возрасте 35–40 недель, погибших вследствие асфиксии, причины которой не установлены. Весь секционный материал тщательно отбирали по анамнезу с целью исключения причин, которые могли бы повлиять на структуру тимуса. Исследование проводили с использованием стандартных методов световой микроскопии, гистологии и иммуногистохимии. Изучали корково-мозговой и митотический индексы, численную плотность тимоцитов в корковом и мозговом веществе, относительную площадь, занимаемую на срезе долей тимуса кровеносным руслом, волокнистой соединительной, жировой, а также лимфоидной тканями. Выявляли относительное количество тимусных телец (TT), а также количественное соотношение тимоцитов с иммунофенотипами цитотоксических (CD8+) и хелперных клеток (CD4+). Результаты. В тимусе плодов человека величина корково-мозгового и митотического индексов составила 4,8±0,63 и 2,69±0,36% соответственно. Численность молодых тимусных телец (ТТ I) преобладала над количеством зрелых (ТТ II) и стареющих телец (ТТ III) в 1,5 и 3 раза соответственно. На гистологическом срезе тимуса не выявлено жирового перерождения, относительное количество волокнистой соединительной ткани составляло 5,22 (3,8464; 5,6330)%. Корково-мозговая граница имела четкие очертания. Т-лимфоциты совместно с клетками ретикуло-эпителиального микроокружения занимали более 90% площади гистологического среза. В корковом веществе тимуса обнаружена высокая численная плотность тимоцитов (679,95±46,9), среди которых преобладали клетки, экспрессирующие на поверхности мембраны корецептор CD8+ (72,64±5,05%). В мозговом веществе количество Т-лимфоцитов с фенотипами CD4+ и CD8+ не различалось (28.81±4.37% и 26.10±5.61% соответственно), численная плотность тимоцитов составила 403.61±28.9 клеток. Заключение. Состояние тимуса плодов человека на 35–40-й неделях фетального периода свидетельствует о высоком уровне его функциональной активности. Отсутствие заметных признаков акцидентальной инволюции тимуса указывает, что асфиксия, не отягощенная инфекционными воздействиями, а также не сопровождающаяся аномалиями развития, в силу своей скоротечности не оказывает существенного влияния на морфологию тимуса и его функции. Количественное соотношение субпопуляций тимоцитов с фенотипом CD8+ и CD4+ может свидетельствовать о различной скорости миграции данных клеток на периферию, либо указывать на отличающийся характер взаимодействия развивающихся Т-лимфоцитов с эпителиальными ретикулярными клетками-носителями комплексов MHC I и II классов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to identify the features of the morphofunctional organization of the thymus of human fetuses based on a quantitative assessment of subpopulations of T-lymphocytes with the CD4+ and CD8+ phenotype. Material and methods. The material for the study was the thymus of stillborn children (n=16) aged 35-40 weeks who died as a result of asphyxia, the cause of which was not established. All sectional material was carefully selected according to the anamnesis in order to exclude causes that could affect the structure of the thymus The study was carried out using standard methods of light microscopy, histology and immunohistochemistry. The following characteristics of the thymus were studied: corticomedullary and mitotic indices, the numerical density of thymocytes in the cortex and medulla, the relative area occupied by the blood-stream, fibrous connective, adipose, and lymphoid tissues on a section of the thymus lobes. The relative number of thymic bodies, as well as the quantitative ratio of thymocytes with the immunophenotypes of cytotoxic (CD8+) and helper cells (CD4+) were identified. Results. In the thymus of human fetuses, the values of the corticomedullary and mitotic indices were 4.8±0.63 and 2.69±0.36%, respectively. Young thymic corpuscles (TT I) quantitatively predominate over mature (TT II) and aging corpuscles (TT III), 1.5 and 3 times, respectively. A histological section of the thymus did not reveal fatty degeneration; the relative amount of fibrous connective tissue was 5.22 (3.8464; 5.6330)%. The cortical-cerebral boundary had clear outlines. T lymphocytes, together with cells of the epithelial microenvironment, occupied more than 90% of the area of the histological section. In the thymus cortex, a high numerical density of thymocytes was found (679.95±46.9), among which cells expressing the CD8+ coreceptor on the surface of the membrane predominated (72.64±5.05%). In the medulla, the number of T-lymphocytes with CD4+ and CD8+ phenotypes was the same (28.81±4.37% and 26.10±5.61%, respectively), the numerical density of thymocytes was 403.61±28.9 cells. Conclusion. The state of the thymus gland in human fetuses at 35–40 weeks of the fetal period indicates a high level of its functional activity. The absence of noticeable signs of accidental involution of the thymus indicates that asphyxia, not aggravated by infectious influences, and also not accompanied by developmental anomalies, due to its transience, does not have a significant effect on the morphology of the thymus and its functions. The quantitative ratio of thymocyte subpopulations with the CD8+ and CD4+ phenotype may indicate different rates of migration of these cells to the periphery, or indicate a different nature of the interaction of developing T lymphocytes with epithelial cells carrying MHC class I and II complexes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тимус</kwd><kwd>лимфоидная ткань</kwd><kwd>митотический индекс</kwd><kwd>тимусные тельца</kwd><kwd>субпопуляции тимоцитов CD8 и CD4</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thymus</kwd><kwd>lymphoid tissue</kwd><kwd>mitotic index</kwd><kwd>thymic corpuscles</kwd><kwd>thymocyte subpopulations CD8+ and CD4+</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование поддержано грантом РФФИ 11-04-97530 р-центр-а.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The study was supported by the grant of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research 11-04-97530 р-центр-а.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бобрышева И.В. 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