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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-1-36-41</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-1879</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нейроны и глиальные клетки латерального туберального ядра гипоталамуса при сосудистой деменции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Neurons and Glial Cells of the Lateral Tuberal Hypothalamic Nucleus in Vascular Dementia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2743-7515</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ишунина</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ishunina</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ишунина Татьяна Александровна – д-р. мед. наук, профессор кафедры гистологии, эмбриологии, цитологии</p><p>ул. К. Маркса, 3, Курск, 305041</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tat’yana A. Ishunina – Doct. Sci. (med.), professor of thedepartment of histology, embryology, cytology </p><p>ul. K. Marksa, 3, Kursk, 305041</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ishunina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Курский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kursk State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ишунина Т.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ишунина Т.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ishunina Т.А.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1879">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1879</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – изучение размеров, численной плотности тел нейронов и глиальных клеток латерального туберального ядра (ЛТЯ) гипоталамуса при сосудистой деменции (СД), которая занимает второе место в структуре заболеваний, сопровождающихся слабоумием. Материал и методы. При окраске по Нисслю определены численная плотность нейронов и глиальных клеток, площади поперечного сечения ядер, ядрышек и перикарионов нейронов ЛТЯ у пациентов с СД (n=10) и в контрольной группе лиц (n=10), не имевших неврологических заболеваний и когнитивной дисфункции. Сравнение показателей между группами проводили с помощью дисперсионного анализа ANOVA и t-критерия Стьюдента. Результаты. В сравнении с контролем при СД наблюдалось статистически значимое снижение всех изученных морфометрических параметров нейронов ЛТЯ в пределах 20% (р&lt;0,02) при повышении нейроглиального индекса на 27% (р=0,04). Изменения размеров нейронов и их ядрышек не зависели от пола пациентов. Однако, уменьшение плотности нейронов (р=0,008) и увеличение нейроглиального индекса (р=0,03) установлено только в группе женщин. Заключение. СД приводит к уменьшению метаболической активности нейронов ЛТЯ гипоталамуса, часть нейронов при этом погибает. По всей видимости, наблюдаемые изменения индуцируют компенсаторно-приспособительное увеличение популяции глиальных клеток. Таким образом, некоторые поздние проявления СД, такие как астения и повышенная истощаемость, могут быть обусловлены, в том числе, снижением активности нейронов и реорганизацией межклеточных отношений ЛТЯ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim was to study the size and density of neurons and glial cells of the hypothalamic lateral tuberal nucleus (LTN) in vascular dementia (VD), which is the second most common dementia. Material and methods. The density of neurons and glial cells, the cross-sectional area of nuclei, nucleoli and perikarya of LTN neurons were determined in patients with VD (n=10) and in the control group of individuals (n=10) who did not have any neurological or cognitive dysfunction. Comparison of indicators between groups was carried out using ANOVA and Student's t-test. Results. In VD cases all of the studied morphometric parameters of neurons and their density were decreased by within 20% (p&lt;0.02). An increase in the neuroglial index by an average of 27% (p=0.04) was also noted. Сhanges in the size of neurons and nucleoli were observed regardless of the gender of patients. However, a decrease in the neuronal density (p = 0,008) and an increase in the neuroglial index (p=0,03) were noted only in the group of female patients. Conclusion. VD leads to a decrease in the metabolic activity of neurons of the hypothalamus and of the lateral tuberal nucleus, in particular. Moreover, a part of LTN neurons dies inducing a compensatory and adaptive increase in the population of glial cells. Thus, some late manifestations of VD, such as asthenia and increased exhaustion, may be caused, at least in part by a decrease in the neuronal activity and reorganization of intercellular interactions in the LTN.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>латеральное туберальное ядро</kwd><kwd>гипоталамус</kwd><kwd>сосудистая деменция</kwd><kwd>нейроны</kwd><kwd>ядрышки</kwd><kwd>нейроглия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lateral tuberal nucleus</kwd><kwd>hypothalamus</kwd><kwd>vascular dementia</kwd><kwd>neurons</kwd><kwd>nucleoli</kwd><kwd>neuroglia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Акулинин В.А., Степанов С.С., Сергеев А.В., Понкратова Т.Ю. Структурно-функциональная характеристика зависимости изменений тормозных нейронов и глиальных клеток коры головного мозга человека при хронической ишемии. 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