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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-4-76-88</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-1841</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Взаимоотношение половых и соматических клеток мужских гонад позвоночных: эволюционные, возрастные и сезонные аспекты, адаптивные и реактивные преобразования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Relationship of Gametes and Somatic Cells of Male Gonads of Vertebrates: Evolutionary, Age and Seasonal Aspects, Adaptive and Reactive Transformations Under the Action of Destabilizing Factors</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9299-0571</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевлюк</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevlyuk</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шевлюк Николай Николаевич – д-р. биол. наук, профессор, профессор кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>ул. Советская, 6, Оренбург, 460000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolai N. Shevlyuk – Doct. Sci. (Biol.), Prof., Professor of histology, cytology and embryology department</p><p>ul. Sovetskaya, 6, Orenburg, 460000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k_histology@orgma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блинова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blinova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Блинова Елена Владиславовна – канд. биол. наук, доцент кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>Оренбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Blinova – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor of histology, cytology and embryology department</p><p>Orenburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k_histology@orgma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егембердиева</surname><given-names>Р. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Egemberdieva</surname><given-names>R. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Егембердиева Роза Есенбаевна – канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры гистологии </p><p>Актобе</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roza E. Egemberdieva – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Histology</p><p>Aktobe</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комекбай</surname><given-names>Ж. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komekbai</surname><given-names>Z. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Комекбай Жанат Ескараевна - канд. мед. наук, доцент, руководитель кафедры гистологии</p><p>Актобе</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhanat E. Komekbai – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Histology</p><p>Aktobe</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыскулов</surname><given-names>М. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryskulov</surname><given-names>M. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рыскулов Марат Фирдатович - канд. биол. наук доцент кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>Оренбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marat F. Ryskulov – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor of histology, cytology and embryology department</p><p>Orenburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боков</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bokov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Боков Дмитрий Александрович – ассистент кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>Оренбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii A. Bokov – assistant of histology, cytology and embryology department</p><p>Orenburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максимова Анастасия Сергеевна – соискатель кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>Оренбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya S. Maksimova – researcher of histology, cytology and embryology department</p><p>Orenburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Оренбургский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Orenburg State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Западно-Казахстанский медицинский университет им. Марата Оспанова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>West-Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>76</fpage><lpage>88</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шевлюк Н.Н., Блинова Е.В., Егембердиева Р.Е., Комекбай Ж.Е., Рыскулов М.Ф., Боков Д.А., Максимова А.С., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шевлюк Н.Н., Блинова Е.В., Егембердиева Р.Е., Комекбай Ж.Е., Рыскулов М.Ф., Боков Д.А., Максимова А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shevlyuk N.N., Blinova E.V., Egemberdieva R.E., Komekbai Z.E., Ryskulov M.F., Bokov D.A., Maksimova A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1841">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1841</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью работы является сравнительный анализ морфофункциональных взаимодействий половых и соматических клеток в органах мужской репродуктивной системы позвоночных в онтогенезе, в условиях изменения репродуктивной активности и при воздействии дестабилизирующих факторов. Материал и методы. С использованием световой и электронной микроскопии, иммуногистохимии и морфометрии исследованы семенники представителей различных классов позвоночных (амфибии, рептилии, птицы и млекопитающие). Сбор материала осуществлялся в экологически благополучных экосистемах и в экосистемах с высокой антропогенной нагрузкой в Оренбургской области России и в Актюбинской области Республики Казахстан. Результаты. На материале собственных исследований половых желез, а также на основе сведений современной отечественной и зарубежной литературы показаны закономерности взаимоотношений половых клеток с соматическими клетками их микроокружения в семенниках позвоночных. Рассмотрены особенности структурной организации герминативного и эндокринного компонентов мужских гонад. Показаны особенности структурной организации интерстициальных эндокриноцитов (клеток Лейдига), установлена их высокая устойчивость к действию различных дестабилизирующих факторов по сравнению со сперматогенным эпителием. Пубертатная генерация эндокриноцитов семенников позвоночных в репродуктивном возрасте характеризуется стабильностью численности клеток и относится к клеточным популяциям стабильного типа. Показана роль и значимость структур гематотестикулярного барьера и установлены морфологические эквиваленты изменения проницаемости этого барьера, выявлено, что у исследованных животных в условиях действия негативных антропогенных факторов происходит нарушение целостности гематотестикулярного барьера в семенниках. Действие дестабилизирующих факторов приводит к снижению численности развивающихся половых клеток в просвете канальцев придатка (вплоть до полного их исчезновения у отдельных особей), что, вероятно, связано с ухудшением трофических влияний на них со стороны структур придатка семенника. Заключение. Сформированный в ходе эволюции принцип организации основных компартментов семенников – извитых семенных канальцев и интерстиция органа, вероятно, оказался эволюционно выгодным, поскольку он представлен в семенниках всех амниот – рептилий, птиц и млекопитающих. В процессе эволюционного развития в семенниках позвоночных сформировалось несколько разновидностей структурной организации извитых семенных канальцев и интерстиция. Необходимость в защите развивающихся половых клеток от воздействия иммуноцитов привела к формированию в семенниках гематотестикулярного барьера.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study is a comparative analysis of the morphofunctional interactions of germ and somatic cells in the organs of the male reproductive system of vertebrates during ontogenesis, under conditions of changes in reproductive activity and under the influence of destabilizing factors. Material and methods. Using light and electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and morphometry, the testes of representatives of various classes of vertebrates (amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals) were studied. The collection of material was carried out in environmentally safe ecosystems and in ecosystems with high anthropogenic load in the Orenburg region of Russia and in the Aktobe region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Results. Based on the material of our own studies of the gonads, as well as on the basis of information from modern domestic and foreign literature, the patterns of relationships between germ cells and somatic cells of their microenvironment in the testes of vertebrates are shown. The features of the structural organization of the germinal and endocrine components of the male gonads are considered. The features of the structural organization of intertitial endocrinocytes (Leydig cells) are shown, and their high resistance to the action of various destabilizing factors compared to spermatogenic epithelium is established. Pubertal generation of endocrinocytes in vertebrate testes during reproductive age is characterized by stability in cell numbers and belongs to cell populations of a stable type. The role and significance of the structures of the blood-testis barrier are shown and the morphological equivalents of changes in the permeability of this barrier are established; it is revealed that in the studied animals, under the influence of negative anthropogenic factors, the integrity of the blood-testis barrier in the testes is violated. The action of destabilizing factors leads to a decrease in the number of developing germ cells in the lumen of the epididymal tubules (up to their complete disappearance in individual individuals), which is probably due to the deterioration of the trophic influences on them from the structures of the epididymis. Conclusion. The principle of organization of the main compartments of the testes, the convoluted seminiferous tubules and the interstitium of the organ, formed during evolution, probably turned out to be evolutionarily advantageous, since it is represented in the testes of all amniotes - reptiles, birds and mammals. In the process of evolutionary development, several types of structural organization of convoluted seminiferous tubules and interstitium were formed in the testes of vertebrates. The need to protect developing germ cells from the effects of immunocytes, which led to the formation of a blood-testis barrier in the testes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>семенник</kwd><kwd>придаток семенника</kwd><kwd>половые клетки</kwd><kwd>сустентоциты</kwd><kwd>гематотестикулярный барьер</kwd><kwd>клетки Лейдига</kwd><kwd>эволюция позвоночных</kwd><kwd>антропогенное влияние</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>testis</kwd><kwd>epididymis</kwd><kwd>germ cells</kwd><kwd>sustentocytes</kwd><kwd>blood-testis barrier</kwd><kwd>Leydig cells</kwd><kwd>evolution of vertebrates</kwd><kwd>anthropogenic influence</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бахтюков А.А., Деркач К.В., Романова И.В., Сорокоумов В.Н., Соколова Т.В., Говди А.И., и др. 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