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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-4-47-53</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-1837</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гистотопографическая организация мышцы, поднимающей задний проход у лабораторной крысы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Histotopographic Organization of Levator Ani Muscle in Laboratory Rats</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4144-7090</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колсанов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolsanov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колсанов Александр Владимирович – профессор РАН, заслуженный деятель наук РФ, д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой оперативной хирургии и клинической анатомии с курсом медицинских информационных технологий, ректор</p><p>ул. Чапаевская, 89, Самара, 443099</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr V. Kolsanov – RAS professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Doct. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Operative Surgery and Clinical Anatomy with course of medical informational technologies, rector</p><p>ul. Chapaevskaya, 89, Samara, 443099</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.v.kolsanov@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9843-1065</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чемидронов</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chemidronov</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чемидронов Сергей Николаевич – канд. мед. наук, заведующий кафедрой анатомии человека</p><p>ул. Чапаевская, 89, Самара, 443099</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei N. Chemidronov – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Human Anatomy</p><p>ul. Chapaevskaya, 89, Samara, 443099</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.n.chemidronov@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0462-1344</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суворова</surname><given-names>Г. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suvorova</surname><given-names>G. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Суворова Галина Николаевна – д-р биол. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой гистологии и эмбриологии</p><p>ул. Чапаевская, 89, Самара, 443099</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina N. Suvorova – Doct. Sci. (Biol.), Head of the Department of Histology and Embryology</p><p>ul. Chapaevskaya, 89, Samara, 443099</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">g.n.suvorova@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Самарский государственный медицинский университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Samara State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Колсанов А.В., Чемидронов С.Н., Суворова Г.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Колсанов А.В., Чемидронов С.Н., Суворова Г.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kolsanov A.V., Chemidronov S.N., Suvorova G.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1837">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1837</self-uri><abstract><p>Вопрос морфологической организации мышцы, поднимающей задний проход, до настоящего времени остается неразрешенным вследствие методологических проблем изучения мышц тазового дна. Поэтому исследование гистологического строения мышечной ткани m. levator ani у животных имеет важное значение не только теоретическое, но и прикладное значение для изучения и моделирования состояний дисфункции тазового дна на анимальных моделях. Цель исследования – изучить энзимогистохимическую и ультрамикроскопическую организацию мышцы, поднимающей задний проход белых лабораторных крыс. Материал и методы. Работа выполнена на 10 лабораторных крысах (5 самок и 5 самцов) линии Wistar в возрасте 12–14 месяцев. Метаболический профиль мышечных волокон определяли с помощью реакции на сукцинатдегидрогеназу по Нахласу. Фотодокументирование изображений и проведение линейных измерений проводили на микроскопе Leica UC 7 (Германия), с помощью его программного обеспечения. Ультратонкие срезы контрастировали уранилацетатом и цитратом свинца, просматривали и фотографировали на электронном микроскопе Hitachi HT 7700 Exalens (Япония). Результаты. В мышце, поднимающей задний проход, присутствуют все типы мышечных волокон как медленные, так быстрые мышечные волокна IIA и IIB типов. Установлено, что суммарная площадь поперечных сечений волокон белого типа в 3 раза больше, чем суммарная площадь остальных волокон. Выявлены статистически значимые половые различия относительной площади волокон гликолитического типа в m. levator ani (p=0,009). На ультраструктурном уровне обнаружено, что в одних мышечных волокнах хорошо развит митохондриальный аппарат, в других – митохондрии немногочисленны, имеют более мелкие размеры, располагаются поодиночке между миофибриллами, не образуя скоплений. В таких волокнах между миофибриллами, располагаются крупные скопления гликогена. Заключение. У лабораторной крысы мышца, поднимающая задний проход, является неоднородной как в плане метаболической активности мышечных волокон, так и с позиций ультраструктурной организации. Такая особенность мышцы предполагает не только статическую работу в создании внутрибрюшного давления и удержании органов малого таза, но и изотоническое сокращение, в результате чего эта мышца выступает в качестве синергиста для обеспечения движения хвоста.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Morphological organization of the levator ani muscle still remains unclear due to methodological problems in the study of the pelvic floor muscles. Therefore, the study of the histological structure of muscle tissue m. levator ani in animals is of not only theoretical but also practical importance for the study and modeling of pelvic floor dysfunction conditions in animal models. The aim is to study the enzymohistochemical and ultramicroscopic organization of the levator ani muscle in white laboratory rats. Material and methods. The study was performed on 10 laboratory Wistar rats (5 females and 5 males) aged 12–14 months. The metabolic profile of muscle fibers was determined using the Nachlass succinate dehydrogenase test. Imaging and linear measurements were carried out on a Leica UC 7 microscope (Germany), using its software. Ultrathin sections were counterstained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, viewed nd photographed using a Hitachi HT 7700 Exalens (Japan) electron microscope. Results. All types of muscle fibers are present in levator ani muscle: slow fibers and rapid muscle fibers of typs IIA and IIB. It has been established that the total cross-sectional area of white type fibers is 3 times greater than the total area of other fibers. Significant sex differences were found in relative square parameters of glycolytic fibers in m. levator ani (p=0,009). At the ultrastructural level, it was found that in some muscle fibers the mitochondrial apparatus is well developed, in others, mitochondria are few in number, have smaller sizes, are located singly between myofibrils, without forming clusters. In such fibers, there are large accumulations of glycogen between the myofibrils. Conclusion. In the laboratory rat, the levator ani muscle is heterogeneous both in metabolic activity of muscle fibers and in ultrastructural organization. This feature of the muscle involves not only static work in creating intra-abdominal pressure and retaining the pelvic organs, but also isotonic contraction, acting as a synergist to ensure the movement of the tail.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мышца</kwd><kwd>поднимающая задний проход</kwd><kwd>сукцинатдегидрогеназа</kwd><kwd>поперечнополосатая мышечная ткань</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>levator ani muscle</kwd><kwd>succinate dehydrogenase</kwd><kwd>striated muscle tissue</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дубинская Е.Д., Колесникова С.Н., Бабичева И.А., Пятых Н.С. 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