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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-3-86-95</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-1810</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммуногистохимическая характеристика реорганизации глиальных клеток неокортекса в результате тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immunohistochemical Characteristics of Glial Cells Reorganization in Neocortex as a Result of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0741-3337</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Степанов Сергей Степанович – д-р. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei S. Stepanov – Doct. Sci, (Med.), leading researcher of the Department of histology, cytology and embryology</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">serg_stepanov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0936-3137</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шоронова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shoronova</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шоронова Анастасия Юрьевна – аспирант кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya Yu. Shoronova – postgraduate student of the Department of histology, cytology and embryology</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nastasya1994@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6097-7970</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акулинин</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akulinin</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Акулинин Виктор Александрович – д-р. мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>ул. Ленина, 12, Омск, 644099</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor A. Akulinin – Doct. Sci. (Med.), Prof., head of the Department of histology, cytology and embryology</p><p>ul. Lenina, 12, Omsk, 644099</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akulinin@omsk-osma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4579-2027</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коржук</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korzhuk</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коржук Михаил Сергеевич – д-р. мед. наук, профессор кафедры и клиники военно-морской хирургии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail S. Korzhuk – Doct. Sci. (Med.), professor of the Department and Clinic of Naval Surgery</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gensurg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1133-6541</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарьева</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarieva</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макарьева Любовь Михайловна – ассистент кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyubov' M. Makar'eva – teaching assistant of the Department of histology, cytology and embryology</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lyuba.mamontova.07@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4976-7539</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеев</surname><given-names>Д. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeev</surname><given-names>D. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Авдеев Дмитрий Борисович – канд. ветеринар. наук, доцент кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii B. Avdeev – Cand. Sci. (Vet.), associate professor of the Department of histology, cytology and embryology</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avdeev86@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0446-9041</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Степанова Людмила Владимировна – канд. ветеринар. наук, старший преподаватель кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila V. Stepanova – Cand. Sci. (Vet.), senior lecturer of the Department of histology, cytology and embryology</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lw1987@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3667-7905</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цускман</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsuskman</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цускман Ирина Геннадиевна – канд. ветеринар. наук, доцент кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina G. Tsuskman – Cand. Sci. (Vet.), associate professor of the Department of histology, cytology and embryology</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ira.tsuskman@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Омский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Omsk State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Киров</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>86</fpage><lpage>95</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Степанов С.С., Шоронова А.Ю., Акулинин В.А., Коржук М.С., Макарьева Л.М., Авдеев Д.Б., Степанова Л.В., Цускман И.Г., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Степанов С.С., Шоронова А.Ю., Акулинин В.А., Коржук М.С., Макарьева Л.М., Авдеев Д.Б., Степанова Л.В., Цускман И.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stepanov S.S., Shoronova A.Y., Akulinin V.A., Korzhuk M.S., Makarieva L.M., Avdeev D.B., Stepanova L.V., Tsuskman I.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1810">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1810</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – изучить реорганизацию глиоцитов и экспрессию GFAP в неокортексе крыс с помощью гистологических, иммуноморфологических и морфометрических методов (в частности фрактального анализа) после тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмы (ТЧМТ).</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Моделирование ТЧМТ проводили при помощи запатентованного устройства с ударным механизмом, основанного на принципе передачи кинетической энергии падающего цилиндрического груза. В ходе эксперимента крысы были разделены на 2 группы: основную (n=30) и контрольную (интактную, n=6). Головной мозг у крыс извлекали через 1, 3, 7, 14 и 30 сут после травмы. Оценку глиоцитов слоев III и V сенсомоторной коры (СМК) проводили путем анализа гистологических препаратов, окрашенных гематоксилином и  эозином,  тионином при  помощи  световой микроскопии,  иммуногистохимической реакции  на глиальный фибриллярный кислый белок (GFAP) и морфометрической обработки в программе Image 1.53. Фрактальный анализ астроцитарной сети осуществляли с помощью плагина FracLac 2.5. Статистическую обработку полученных данных проводили с помощью непараметрических методов в программе Statistica 10.0.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. На всем протяжении посттравматического периода изменения нейронов СМК сопровождались увеличением численной плотности глиоцитов. Максимальные значения содержания микроглиоцитов регистрировались уже через 1 сут после ТЧМТ. В слое III СМК их доля увеличивалась на 13,4%, а в слое V СМК – на 24,2% по сравнению с контролем. Минимальный показатель численной плотности олигодендроцитов отмечался через 30 сут после ТЧМТ: в слое III СМК его значение было на 32,2% ниже, а в слое V СМК – на 43,9% ниже, чем в контроле. Через 1 сут после травмы происходило статистически значимое увеличение численной плотности астроцитов в слоях III и V CМК выше контрольных значений. В течение 30 сут, содержание глиоцитов уменьшалось: в слое III СМК – на 23%, а в слое V СМК – на 26,8%. При экспрессии GFAP в слое III и V СМК встречались протоплазматические и волокнистые астроциты, отличающиеся размером тела и длиной отростков. Показатели, характеризующие отростки, как пространственный объект, статистически значимо изменялись в сравнении с контролем и в посттравматическом периоде между сроками. Наиболее сильно изменялась фрактальная размерность и отмечалась высокая лакунарность в слое III СМК. В течение 14 сут показатель был меньше контрольного значения, а в слое V СМК к этому сроку он восстанавливался. Наблюдаемые явления свидетельствовали о более высокой реактивной реорганизации отростков астроцитов мелкоклеточного слоя III СМК крыс.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. После ТЧМТ в СМК прослеживалась  неоднородная  реорганизация  нейроглиального  комплекса.  Обнаруженные  изменения численной плотности глиоцитов в слоях III и V СМК на протяжении всего посттравматического периода имели  гетерохронный  характер.  Данные  морфометрического  анализа  подтверждали  пространственную реорганизацию астроцитов, активную пролиферацию микроглиоцитов и олигодендроцитов – изменений, способствующих компенсаторной защите  структур  нервной  ткани  СМК  в  условиях  посттравматического периода.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim was to study the reorganization of gliocytes and GFAP expression of the rat neocortex  using  histological,  immunomorphological  and  morphometric  methods  (in  particular  fractal  analysis)  after severe traumatic brain injury (STBI).</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Modeling of STBI was performed using a patented device with a shock mechanism based on the principle of transferring kinetic energy of a falling cylindrical load. During the experiment, the rats were divided into 2 groups: main (n=30) and control (intact, n=6). The brain of rats was extracted after 1, 3, 7, 14 and 30 days after heavy traumatic brain injury. The assessment of the glia of layers III and V of the sensorimotor cortex (SMC) was carried out by analyzing histological preparations of the rat brain (stained with hematoxylin-eosin and thionin) using light microscopy, immunohistochemical reaction  to  glial  fibrillary  acid  protein  (GFAP)  and  morphometric  processing  in  the  Image  1.53  program.  Fractal analysis was performed using the FracLac 2.5 plugin to evaluate the astrocyte network. Statistical processing of the  data  obtained was  carried  out  using  nonparametric  methods  of  information  processing  of  the  application package Statistica 10.0 programs.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Throughout the post-traumatic period, changes in the SMC neurons were accompanied by an increase in the numerical density of gliocytes. The maximum peak of the microglyocyte content was higher already 1 day after HTBI: by 13.4% in layer III of the SMC and by 24.2% in layer V of the SMC. The minimum indicator of the numerical density of oligodendrocytes was observed 30 days after HTBI: in layer III of the SMC by 32.2%, and in layer V of the SMC – 43.9%. 1 day after the injury, there was a statistically significant increase in the numerical density of astrocytes in layers III and V of the SMC above the control values. During 30 days, the content of gliocytes decreased: in layer III of the SMC – 23%, and in layer V of the SMC – 26.8%.  When  GFAP  was  expressed,  protoplasmic  and  fibrous  astrocytes  differing  in  body  size  and  length  of processes were found in layer III and V of the SMC. The indicators characterizing the appendages as a spatial object changed statistically significantly in comparison with the control and in the post-traumatic period between terms. The fractal dimension changed the most and a high lacunarity was observed in layer III of the SMC. For 14 days, the indicator was less than the reference value, and by this time it was already recovering in layer V of the SMC. Taken together, all this indicated a higher reactive reorganization of the processes of astrocytes of the small cell layer of the III SMC.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. After a heavy traumatic brain injury, a heterogeneous reorganization of the neuroglial complex was observed in the sensorimotor cortex (SMC). The detected changes in the numerical density of gliocytes in layers III and V of the SMC throughout the post-traumatic period were heterochronous. Morphometric analysis data confirmed the spatial reorganization of astrocytes, active proliferation of microglyocytes and oligodendrocytes – changes that contribute to the compensatory protection of the structures of the nervous tissue of the SMC in the post-traumatic period.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неокортекс</kwd><kwd>астроциты</kwd><kwd>сенсомоторная кора</kwd><kwd>иммуногистохимия</kwd><kwd>черепно-мозговая травма</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neocortex</kwd><kwd>gliocytes</kwd><kwd>astrocytes</kwd><kwd>sensorimotor cortex</kwd><kwd>immunohistochemistry</kwd><kwd>traumatic brain injury</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аврущенко М.Ш., Острова И.В. Постреанимационные изменения экспрессии мозгового нейротрофического фактора (BDNF): взаимосвязь с процессом гибели нейронов. 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