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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-3-41-48</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-1802</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ремоделирование компонентов аэрогематического барьера в условиях ландшафта Крайнего Севера</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Remodeling of the Blood-Air Barrier Components in the  Landscape of the Far North</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3497-8157</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маргарян</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Margaryan</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маргарян Артур Ванушович – д-р. мед. наук, профессор кафедры топографической анатомии и оперативной хирургии</p><p>ул. Одесская, 54, Тюмень, 625023</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artur V. Margaryan – Doct. Sci. (Med.), professor of the Department of topographic anatomy and operative surgery</p><p>ul. Odesskaya, 54, Tyumen, 625023</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vanic13@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1002-3535</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рашевских</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rashevskikh</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рашевских Ольга Викторовна – преподаватель кафедры гистологии с эмбриологией</p><p>Тюмень</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ol'ga V. Rashevskikh – teaching assistant of the Department of histology with embryology</p><p>Tyumen</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kirnmld@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0741-3337</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шидин</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shidin</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шидин Владимир Александрович – д-р. мед. наук, профессор кафедры гистологии с эмбриологией</p><p>Тюмень</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Shidin – Doct. Sci. (Med.), professor of the Department of histology with embryology</p><p>Tyumen</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vshidin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4540-2153</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвиенко</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Matvienko</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Матвиенко Виктор Васильевич – канд. биол. наук, доцент кафедры гистологии с эмбриологией</p><p>Тюмень</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor V. Matvienko – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), associate professor of the Department of histology with embryology</p><p>Tyumen</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">matvienko-51@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тюменский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tyumen State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>41</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Маргарян А.В., Рашевских О.В., Шидин В.А., Матвиенко В.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Маргарян А.В., Рашевских О.В., Шидин В.А., Матвиенко В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Margaryan A.V., Rashevskikh O.V., Shidin V.A., Matvienko V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1802">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1802</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – оценить структурно-функциональные изменения компонентов респираторного отдела легких при перемещении экспериментальных животных в условия Крайнего  Севера.</p><sec><title>Материал  и  методы</title><p>Материал  и  методы.  Эксперимент проведен  на  белых  беспородных  крысах-самцах  массой 140–160 г на 7-, 15- и 30-е сутки пребывания в условиях северных широт – в г. Когалыме (62° 26′ с. ш.; 74° 48′ в. д.). Изучали структурные компоненты аэрогематического барьера с помощью световой, трансмиссионной  и  сканирующей  электронной  микроскопии. Определяли  толщину  цитоплазматических  отростков пневмоцитов I  типа,  цитоплазматических  отростков  эндотелиоцитов капилляров  и базальных  мембран.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Во все сроки пребывания животных в условиях Крайнего Севера отмечено утолщение цитоплазматических отростков пневмоцитов I типа, при этом толщина цитоплазматических отростков эндотелиоцитов капилляров значительно увеличивалась на 7-е сут (p &lt;0,032) и к 15-м сут достигала контрольных величин.  В  эти  сроки  наблюдали  интерстициальный  отек  стенок  альвеол  и  выпотевание  транссудата  в просвет, мультивезикулярные и осмиофильные пластинчатые тельца в цитоплазме пневмоцитов II типа с последующим их выходом в виде сурфактанта в просвет альвеол в апикальной части клетки по мерокриновому типу. В более поздние сроки в условиях Крайнего Севера отмечалась тенденция к снижению основных показателей аэрогематического барьера. В просвете альвеол встречались единичные клетки крови, между альвеолами – поры Кона, в пневмоцитах II типа мерокриновый способ выхода сурфактанта в просвет альвеол сохранялся.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В результате проведенных исследований установлено, что в ранние сроки пребывания животных в условиях Крайнего Севера отмечается увеличение морфометрических  показателей  основных  компонентов  аэрогематического  барьера  (цитоплазматических  отростков пневмоцитов  I  типа,  базальных  мембран  и  эндотелиоцитов  капилляров;  проявляется  активность  секреторных пневмоцитов II типа). К 30-м сут наблюдается тенденция к снижению основных показателей аэрогематического барьера по отношению к предыдущим срокам, однако их значения не достигают контрольных величин; выход сурфактанта в апикальной части пневмоцитов II типа по мерокриновому способу сохраняется.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to evaluate the structural and functional changes in the components of the respiratory department of the lungs during the stay of experimental animals in the conditions of the Far North.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The experiments were carried out on white outbred male rats 140–160 g by mass on the 7-, 15- and 30th days of stay in the conditions of northern latitudes – in Kogalym (62° 26′ N and 74° 48′ E). The structural components of the blood-air barrier were studied using light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The thickness of cytoplasmic processes of type I pneumocytes, cytoplasmic processes of endotheliocytes of capillaries and basement membranes was determined.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. During all periods of stay of animals in the conditions of the Far North, thickening of the cytoplasmic processes of type I pneumocytes was noted, while the thickness of the cytoplasmic processes of endotheliocytes was significantly increased on the 7th day (p&lt;0,032) and reached control values by the 15th day. During these periods, interstitial edema of the walls and transudate exudation in the lumen of the alveoli, multivesicular and osmophilic lamellar bodies in the cytoplasm  of  type  II  pneumocytes  were  observed,  followed  by  surfactant  release  into  the  lumen  of  the   alveoli  according to the merocrine type. Later, in the conditions of the Far North, there was a tendency to decrease the main indicators of the blood-air barrier. There were single blood cells in the lumen of the alveoli, Kohn pores between the alveoli, and the merocrine type of surfactant release into the lumen of the alveoli was preserved in type II pneumocytes.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. As a result of the research, it was established that in the early periods of the animals' stay in the conditions of the Far North, there is an increase in the main components of blood-air barrier (cytoplasmic  processes  of  type  I  pneumocytes,  basal  membranes  and  capillary  endotheliocytes).  In  the  early stages of animal adaptation, the phenomena of interstitial edema of the walls with transudation into their lumen are noted in individual alveoli. By the 30th day, there is a tendency to decrease the main indicators of the blood-air barrier compared to previous terms, but they do not reach the control values; the surfactant yield in the apical part of type II pneumocytes by the merocrine type is preserved.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Крайний Север</kwd><kwd>аэрогематический барьер</kwd><kwd>пневмоциты I и II типов</kwd><kwd>сурфактант</kwd><kwd>электронная микроскопия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Far North</kwd><kwd>blood-air barrier</kwd><kwd>pneumocytes of I and II types</kwd><kwd>surfactant</kwd><kwd>transmission and scanning electron microscopy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авцын А.П., Марачев А.Г., Матвеев Л.Н. Циркумполярный гипоксический синдром. Материалы по актуальным вопросам современной гистопатологии. 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