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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-3-20-25</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-1799</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммуногистохимическая характеристика интратестикулярной инвазии SARS-CoV-2</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immunohistochemical Characteristic of Intratesticular SARS-CoV-2 Invasion</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8447-2600</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демяшкин</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demyashkin</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Демяшкин Григорий Александрович – канд. мед. наук, зав. лабораторией гистологии и иммуногистохимии Института трансляционной медицины и биотехнологии</p><p>ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2, Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Grigorii A. Demyashkin – Cand. Sci. (Med.), head of the Laboratory of Histology and Immunohistochemistry of Institute of Translational Medicine</p><p>ul. Trubetskaya, 8, str. 2, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.dga@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-3753</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коган</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kogan</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коган Евгения Алтаровна – д-р. мед. наук, профессор Института клинической морфологии и цифровой патологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniya A. Kogan – Doct. Sci. (Med.), professor of the Instiute of Clinical Morphology and Digital Pathology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">koganevg@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6946-6146</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демура</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demura</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Демура Татьяна Александровна – д-р. мед. наук, профессор, директор Института клинической морфологии и цифровой патологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tat’yana A. Demura – Doct. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Institute of Clinical Morphology and Digital Pathology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">demura-t@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4548-5430</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болдырев</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boldyrev</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Болдырев Дмитрий Владимирович – аспирант</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii V. Boldyrev – postgraduate student</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">derfeelgood@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6235-1020</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вадюхин</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vadyukhin</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вадюхин Матвей Анатольевич – студент</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Matvei A. Vadyukhin – student</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vma20@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7183-0456</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жарков</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zharkov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жарков Николай Владимирович – канд. биол. наук, доцент Института клинической морфологии и цифровой патологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolai V. Zharkov – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), associate professor of the Institute of Clinical Morphology and Digital Pathology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>25</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Демяшкин Г.А., Коган Е.А., Демура Т.А., Болдырев Д.В., Вадюхин М.А., Жарков Н.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Демяшкин Г.А., Коган Е.А., Демура Т.А., Болдырев Д.В., Вадюхин М.А., Жарков Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Demyashkin G.A., Kogan E.A., Demura T.A., Boldyrev D.V., Vadyukhin M.A., Zharkov N.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1799">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1799</self-uri><abstract><p>На  основании  исследований, посвященных  влиянию  SARS-CoV-2  на  ткани,  была выявлена не только легочная инвазия, но и нарушение функции яичек. В единичных исследованиях на малых  выборках  пациентов  было  обнаружено  увеличение  количества  апоптотических  клеток,  CD138+ плазмоцитов, CD3+ T-лимфоцитов, CD20+ B-лимфоцитов, CD68+ макрофагов в интерстициальной ткани. Тем не менее, комплексного морфологического и иммуногистохимического исследования на значительной  когорте  пациентов  не  проводили.  Таким  образом,  изучение  механизмов  влияния  SARS-CoV-2  на сперматогенез остается актуальным.</p><p>Цель исследования – иммуногистохимическая оценка нарушений сперматогенеза  при  SARS-CoV-2-инвазии.</p><sec><title>Материал  и  методы</title><p>Материал  и  методы.  Впервые  собрана  когорта  COVID-19-позитивных  пациентов  (n=69).  Аутопсийный  материал  подвергали  морфологическому,  морфометрическому и иммуногистохимическому анализу, а также для оценки степени гипосперматогенеза рассчитывали индекс сперматогенеза. Иммуногистохимическим методом исследовали инвазию SARS-CoV-2 с антителами к шиповидному белку, нуклеокапсидному белку вируса SARS-CoV-2 и ангиотензинпревращающему ферменту типа 2 (АПФ2).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При морфометрическом исследовании яичек пациентов с COVID-19 наблюдали снижение степени сперматогенеза. На основании проведенного морфологического и морфометрического анализа, а также снижения индекса сперматогенеза с высокой долей вероятности можно полагать, что у пациентов с подтвержденной коронавирусной инфекцией старше 45 лет выявленные патоморфологические изменения были более выраженными, чем у молодых людей. При иммуногистохимическом исследовании были обнаружены сперматогенные клетки, позитивные к S-белку и нуклеокапсиду, также отмечалось увеличение количества AПФ2-позитивных сперматогенных клеток, что свидетельствовало об инвазии в них SARS-CoV-2. Заключение. Иммунофенотипическая характеристика яичек пациентов с новой коронавирусной инфекцией свидетельствует о вирусной нагрузке SARS-CoV-2, оцененной по количеству S-белок-, нуклеокапсид- и АПФ2-позитивных сперматогенных клеток. Обнаруженные морфологические  и  иммуногистохимические  изменения  наиболее  вероятно указывают  на развитие  COVID-19-ассоциированного орхита.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Based on studies on the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on tissues, not only pulmonary invasion but an impaired testicular function also were revealed. In single studies on small samples of patients, an increase in the number  of  apoptotic  cells,  CD138+  plasma  cells,  CD3+  T-lymphocytes,  CD20+  B-lymphocytes,  CD68+  macrophages in the interstitial tissue was found. However, a comprehensive morphological and immunohistochemical study has not been performed on a significant cohort of patients. Thus, the study of the mechanisms of influence of SARS-CoV-2 on spermatogenesis remains relevant.</p><p>The aim of the study was to carry out an immunohistochemical evaluation of spermatogenesis disorders in SARS-CoV-2 invasion.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. For the first time, a cohort of COVID-19-positive patients was collected (n=69). The autopsy material was prepared for morphological, morphometric, and immunohistochemical analysis, and the index of spermatogenesis was calculated  to  assess  the degree of   hypospermatogenesis.  The invasion of SARS-CoV-2 was studied by immunohisto-chemical method with antibodies to the spike protein, the nucleocapsid protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In the morphometric study of the testicles of patients with  COVID-19,  a  decrease  in  the  degree  of  spermatogenesis  was  observed.  Based  on  the  morphological  and morphometric analysis, as well as the decrease in the spermatogenesis index, it is highly likely that in patients with confirmed coronavirus infection over 45 years of age, the identified pathomorphological changes were more pronounced than in young people. An immunohistochemical study revealed S-protein- and nucleocapsid-positive germ cells, as well as an increase in the number of ACE2-positive germ cells, which indicates the invasion of SARS-CoV-2 into them. Conclusion. The immunophenotypic characteristics of the testicles of patients with a new coronavirus infection indicates the viral load of SARS-CoV-2, estimated by the amount of S-protein-, nucleocapsid-  and  ACE2-positive  germ  cells.  The  revealed  morphological  and  immunohistochemical  patterns  most likely indicates the development of COVID-19-associated orchitis.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>яички</kwd><kwd>вирусный орхит</kwd><kwd>гипосперматогенез</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>testicles</kwd><kwd>viral orchitis</kwd><kwd>hypospermatogenesis</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Астраханцев А.Ф., Соловьев А.А. Патент РФ № 2199117; 2003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Astrakhantsev  AF,  Soloviev  AA.  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