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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">anatomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2225-7357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-2-39-48</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">anatomy-1756</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Морфофункциональные изменения скелетных мышц задних конечностей крыс в условиях вынужденной анаэробной физической нагрузки и применения аллогенного биоматериала</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphological and functional changes in the skeletal muscles of the hind limbs in rats under enforced anaerobic physical exertion and allogeneic biomaterial application</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9170-2600</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедева</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedeva</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Ивановна Лебедева, д-р биол. наук, старший научн. сотр., зав. отделом</p><p>отдел морфологии</p><p>450008</p><p>ул. Ленина, 3</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna I. Lebedeva, Doct. Sci. (Biol.), senior researcher, head of department</p><p>morphology department</p><p>450008</p><p>ul. Lenina, 3</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jeol02@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6561-0892</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гареев</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gareev</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Мусинович Гареев, старший научн. сотр.</p><p>отдел нейрофизиологии</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenii M. Gareev, senior researcher</p><p>neurophysiology department</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jeol02@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сироткина</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sirotkina</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Инна Владимировна Сироткина, научный сотрудник</p><p>отдел нейрофизиологии</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inna V. Sirotkina, researcher</p><p>neurophysiology department</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jeol02@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галаутдинов</surname><given-names>М. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galautdinov</surname><given-names>M. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марс Фларитович Галаутдинов, научный сотрудник</p><p>отдел нейрофизиологии</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mars F. Galautdinov, researcher</p><p>neurophysiology department</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jeol02@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Башкирский государственный медицинский университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>39</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лебедева А.И., Гареев Е.М., Сироткина И.В., Галаутдинов М.Ф., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лебедева А.И., Гареев Е.М., Сироткина И.В., Галаутдинов М.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lebedeva A.I., Gareev E.M., Sirotkina I.V., Galautdinov M.F.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1756">https://anatomy.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1756</self-uri><abstract><p>   Изнуряющие физические нагрузки приводят к перенапряжению саркомера, разрушению клеточной мембраны, гидролизу структурных белков, что является причиной необратимого повреждения мышечных волокон. Аллогенный биоматериал (АБ) применяется для регенерации различных тканей и органов.</p><p>   Целью исследования явилось выявление морфофункциональных особенностей скелетной мышечной ткани после физической нагрузки и в условиях применения АБ.</p><sec><title>   Материал и методы</title><p>   Материал и методы. В эксперименте использовались крысы-самцы Wistar. Моделью анаэробной физической нагрузки явился тест Порсолта с грузом 10 % от массы тела в течение 30 дней. После тренировок в основной группе (n = 10) вводили суспензию АБ суммарно 4 мл 0,2 % раствора в мышцы передних и задних конечностей. В контрольной группе (n = 10) вводили физиологический раствор в аналогичные зоны. Через 5 и 21 сутки после инъекций проводили исследование толерантной нагрузки. Затем животных выводили из опыта и проводили гистологические исследования мышц задних конечностей, измеряли общее количество, среднюю площадь поперечного сечения мышечных волокон, численность некротизированных волокон.</p></sec><sec><title>   Результаты</title><p>   Результаты. В контрольной группе животных через 5 и 21 сутки происходили дистрофические изменения мышечных волокон: контрактуры III, IV степеней, нарушение микроциркуляции, мозаичный некроз мышечных волокон, воспалительно-клеточная инфильтрация, снижение толерантной нагрузки. Через 21 сутки обнаруживался фиброз. Введение АБ способствовало рабдомиогенезу уже через 5 суток. Снижалась воспалительно-клеточная инфильтрация, восстанавливалась полигональность профилей мышечных волокон, нивелировались отечные явления. Происходила гиперплазия мышечных волокон, снижение численности некротизированных мышечных волокон, ингибирование фиброза, повышение толерантной нагрузки. АБподвергался биодеградации.</p></sec><sec><title>   Заключение</title><p>   Заключение. АБ способствовал снижению признаков дистрофических изменений мышечных волокон, усилению актопротекторного механизма, восстановлению физической активности в ранние сроки.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Exhausting physical activity leads to sarcomere overstrain, destruction of the cell membrane, hydrolysis of structural proteins, thus, resulting in irreversible damage to muscle fibers. Allogeneic biomaterial (AB) is applied to regenerate various tissues and organs.</p><p>   The aim of the study was to identify morphofunctional features of the skeletal muscle tissue after physical exertion and under AB application.</p><sec><title>   Material and methods</title><p>   Material and methods. This experimental study involved male Wistar rats. Anaerobic physical exertion was simulated using the Porsolt test with a load equal 10 % of the body weight for 30 days. After training, animals of the main group (n = 10) were injected AB suspension: 4 ml of a 0.2 % solution into the muscles of the fore and hind limbs totally. Animals of the control group (n = 10) received physiological saline into similar zones. Tolerant load was investigated in 5 and 21 days after injection. Then the animals were withdrawn from the experiment, and muscles of the hind limbs were studied histologically, the total number, the average cross-sectional area of muscle fibers, and the number of necrotic fibers were measured.</p></sec><sec><title>   Results</title><p>   Results. In 5 and 21 days animals from the control group manifested dystrophic changes in muscle fibers: type III, IV contractures, microcirculation disorders, mosaic necrosis of muscle fibers, inflammatory cell infiltration, and a decreased tolerant load. In 21 days fibrosis was detected. The AB introduction provided rhabdomyogenesis as soon as in 5 days. Inflammatory cell infiltration decreased, the polygonality of muscle fiber profiles was restored, and edematous phenomena were leveled. There was hyperplasia of muscle fibers, a decreased number of necrotic muscle fibers, inhibited fibrosis, and an increased tolerant load. AB further biodegraded.</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusion</title><p>   Conclusion. AB contributed to the reduced manifestations of dystrophic changes in muscle fibers, strengthened actoprotective mechanism, and restored physical activity in the early stages.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аллогенный биоматериал</kwd><kwd>скелетная мышечная ткань</kwd><kwd>регенерация</kwd><kwd>макрофаги</kwd><kwd>вынужденная физическая нагрузка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>allogeneic biomaterial</kwd><kwd>skeletal muscle tissue</kwd><kwd>regeneration</kwd><kwd>macrophages</kwd><kwd>forced physical activity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания № 056-00124-21-00, утвержденного 23. 12. 2020 г.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The study was carried out within the framework of the state task No. 056-00124-21-00, approved on December 23, 2020</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Директива Европейского парламента и Совета Европейского Союза 2010/63/ЕС от 22 сент. 2010 г. о защите животных, использующихся для научных целей [Электронный ресурс]. 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